Background: The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been accompanied by a severe epidemic of tuberculosis (TB), although
the prevalence of coinfection is largely unknown, especially in developing countries, including Nigeria. The aim of
this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of TB coinfection among HIV-seropositive Nigerians.
Methods: The case files of HIV/AIDS patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from January to
December 2006 were reviewed.
Results: A total of 1320 HIV/AIDS patients had complete records and were reviewed, among which 138 (10.5%)
were coinfected with TB (95% CI, 8.9% to 12.2%). Pulmonary TB was diagnosed in 103 (74.6%) patients, among
whom only 18 (17.5%) were sputum-positive. Fifty (36.2%) coinfected patients had some type of extrapulmonary TB
(EPTB); 15 had both pulmonary TB and EPTB. Among the 35 patients with EPTB only, 20 (57.1%) had abdominal
TB, 5 (14.3%) had TB adenitis, 5 (14.3%) had spinal TB, 3 (8.6%) were being monitored for tuberculous meningitis,
and 1 (2.9%) each had renal TB and tuberculous adrenalitis. The highest prevalence of TB, 13.7% (n = 28), was seen
among patients aged 41–50 years. TB coinfection was significantly associated with marital status, WHO clinical
stage, and CD4 count. Marital status (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.28–3.59; P = 0.04), WHO clinical stage at presentation
(4.81; 1.42–8.34; P = 0.001), and baseline CD4 count (2.71; 1.51–6.21; P = 0.02) remained significant predictors
after adjustment for confounding.
Conclusions: The moderately high prevalence of TB among HIV-seropositive patients underscores the urgent need
for strategies that lead to rapid identification and treatment of coinfection with active or latent TB