Background: Cross-border movement as a driver of HIV epidemic has been given little attention. Kisoro district shares borders with
DRC Congo and Rwanda thus increased chances of HIV transmission. This prompted the conduction of this study. Purpose of the
study. To establish the role of cross-border movement of people in the transmission of HIV/AIDS in Kisoro district so as to suggest
appropriate prevention and control measures. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design using both
qualitative and quantitative methods involving 217 people living with HIV registered at Kisoro and Mutorele hospitals that lived in
border areas of Kisoro. Simple random sampling was used to select respondents who met the inclusion criteria and consented.
Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data which was analyzed at three levels; univariate, bivariate and multivariate
to control confounding factors. Results: From this study, trade was found to be the major factor for cross-border movement as per
majority of respondents 90(41.6%) followed by employment 49(22.8%), seek health care 41(18.7%), and conflicts in DR Congo
12(11.4%). The commonest HIV risk behaviors in border communities in Kisoro were; cultural practices, alcoholism and drug abuse
and sexual gender based violence. Conclusion and recommendation: Factors for cross-border movement of people to and from
Kisoro district are trade, seeking health care, employment and conflicts in DRC Congo. There is a relationship between movement of
people across borders and spread of HIV/AIDS in Kisoro district. There is need for the Central government of Uganda and Kisoro
district local government leaders to engage their counterparts in DRC Congo and Rwanda in dialogue meetings to find lasting solutions
to the increasing trend of HIV/AIDS arising from cross- border movement of people.