Migration is a gendered phenomenon, best understood as a series of relationships
between socioeconomic factors and gender. Gender differences
in migration efficiencies are investigated using the 1990 Census data in
China. Results indicate that, although male migration rates are higher,
female migration is more efficient in the sense that it contributes to
greater population redistribution than male migration. Reflecting different
economic and social roles, women are more likely to state social and
family reasons for moving while men indicate economic motivations. In
terms of the geography of movement, women are more sensitive than
men to perceived and expected regional differences in economic opportunities,
especially in rural areas. Job opportunities created in urban areas
and by foreign enterprises are more attractive to male migrants. Development
of light manufacturing industries and the benefits derived from
the presence of previous migrants draw female more than male migrants.