An analysis of the determinants and consequences of rapid population growth in Kenya represents an encounter in contrast and paradox. On the one hand, no country in Africa has had a longer tradition of concern about rapid population growth. Yet, the apparent record of achievement in population programming has been disappointing--at least as measured by the high annual rate of population growth approaching 4 percent. On the other hand, in spite of concerns by Kenyan and world leaders about population growth that have sometimes reached alarmist proportions, this nation has been able to accommodate a high rate of population increase, although not without considerable effort and cost. This report examines these paradoxes not by providing yet another rendering of the impacts or potential challenges of accommodating rapid population change--such reports are readily available and would thus serve little useful purpose--but by analyzing the manner in which Kenya has confronted its unusual demographic situation. This analysis will speculate why, now a quarter of a century after Independence, Kenya's demograp