The present chapter gives an overview of the evolution of family demography since the discipline’s inception and how over a short period of time it has become an important field of study. Several new professional journals came into existence and published research articles of the scholars mainly from the West. In many developing nations, however, especially in the Arab States, relevant information on family indicators was not available till late 1980s. Later, several international and regional agencies came forward and conducted large sample surveys and made available a wealth of information on family indicators for the Arab countries. Notwithstanding the availability of the data, its usage by Arab scholars is still very much limited. The chapter also discusses reasons for the poor usage of available data and remedial measures to increase the use of demographic data in future studies of Arab societies. Besides the countries of the Arab region, the article reviews the data availability and usage in countries of South Asia with large Muslim populations. The last sections of the chapter present the findings of the data on family indicators available from various sources and discuss the political, socioeconomic, and demographic conditions of Muslims especially Muslim women in the selected developing countries and the future challenges for development.