Knowledge of the diversity of medicinal plants used by a certain human group, is key to understanding the
relationship between man, plants and nature. In this work, the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index was applied to
determine the diversity of medicinal species in eight different environments collected by 11 midwives that belong
to the “Nahuatlxihuitl” Organization of Traditional Doctors and Midwives of Ixhuatlancillo, Veracruz, Mexico. The
work is based on an ethnobotanical list that provided a cognitive domain of 92 species ranked according to their
importance (knowledge and use). Recorded values of diversity, equitability and richness indicated fairly diverse
environments, demonstrating quantitative and qualitative differences in their use, in accordance with practices,
habits and availability of those resources. This differentiated use of medicinal resources is analyzed and discussed