The Child Support Grant (CSG) represents one of the major cash transfer implemented in South Africa
to address children’s vulnerability and household poverty. This paper provides an evaluation of the impact
of the CSG on gender inequality by evaluating the effect of the programme on the employment status
of adult members of beneficiary households. We use data from the 2008, 2010-2011 and 2012 National
Income Dynamics Study and apply a fuzzy regression discontinuity design that exploits the expansion in
eligibility due to a discontinous change in the age eligibility criterion. The analysis considers two source of
heterogeneity in the impact of the CSG on labour market, i.e. gender and household members receiving the
Old Age Pension social grant. In addition, the evaluation identifies differing effects by number of treated
children in beneficiary households. Overall, this evaluation shows that the CSG had a negative effect on
the probability of being employed of the beneficiary household members and increased gender inequality by
strongly discouraging women’s employment.