This paper empirically quantifies environmentally augmented rural household incomes in Cambodia and
analyzes how economic land concessions (ELCs) affect such incomes. Data is derived from a structured
survey of 600 randomly selected households in 15 villages in three study sites in Cambodia, where local
livelihoods are highly reliant on access to land and natural resources, supported by qualitative data from
focus group discussions. Gini coefficient decomposition,multiple regressionmodels, and propensity score
matching (PSM) models were employed to analyze the composition of income portfolios, determinants
of major income sources, and the impacts of land grabbing on incomes. Results documented high reliance
on environmental income (32–35% of total household income) and farm income (51–53%) across income
quartiles; demonstrated the variation in product composition across quartiles and the contribution of
each major product to income inequality; and identified the main household characteristics influencing
absolute and relative incomes. ELCs were found to consistently have negative impacts on household total
income, environmental income, size of available cultivable land and livestock holdings, and increasing
the distance to forests. The total household annual income subjects to ELCs were estimated to decrease
by 15–19%. While providing some employment opportunities, we find no evidence of positive income
effects of ELCs on households in the areas where ELCs are located.