This article deals with the government challenges, efforts and fertility situation of Nepal. The
major objective of this paper is to know the level and consequences of high fertility in the
development process of Nepal and what will be the government have to efforts on the socioeconomic
sectors and improved quality of live through desired family size. Secondary data
are used from 1971-2011 censuses, Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) (2001, 2006 and
2011) and Nepal Living Standard (NLSS) Survey, 2010/11. Development is itself the best
contraceptives. Nepal cannot afford to wait until it achieves a certain level of development at
which fertility starts declining. It will be too late. The challenges have emerged i.e. high
population growth through high fertility and low level of mortality. To explore the prospects
for further fertility decline through access proper health facilities, use of contraception,
family planning, increased role and involvement of women in socio-economic sectors among
who have high fertility. There is a need of adoption of pragmatic methods of compatible to
the social norms and values to avert the births and Strengthening of the knowledge base on
the effectiveness of public health strategies to reduce mortality (IMR &MMR;) is urgently
required but will need concerted action and international commitment.