This thesis outlines studies that were conducted between 2006 and 2010 in Rwandan clinical and
public health settings to respond to some unresolved research priority questions. It describes and
analyses sputum completion and conversion rates at two months of treatment and their
determinants. It explores determinants of adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment, TB mortality
and the independent effect of adherence on mortality. It reports and analyses HIV test-uptake
before and after the introduction of Provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling (PITC), as well
as the acceptability of PITC and its barriers towards linkage to HIV care. It also reports patient
attrition after HIV diagnosis and analyses factors associated with this. Lastly, it explores the
prevalence and determinants of discordant treatment responses in a Rwandan cohort of HIV
patients who started combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).