Background. Malnutrition is the major public health problem over the world. Developing countries are highly affected. Asian
and Sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia, contribute the highest of all. The main aim of this study was to assess
the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among children below five years of age. Methods. Community-based
cross-sectional survey was conducted on 342 study participants. Simple random sampling technique was used to select sampling
kebeles and study units. Weight and height were measured using calibrated instruments. The data were entered into EpiData
version 3.1 software and calculated using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software and/or World Health Organization Anthro software
with aid of Stat/Transfer. Results. Overall prevalence of undernutrition was 35.5%, of which 85 (24.9%), 38 (11.1%), and 49 (14.3%)
were stunting, wasting, and underweight, respectively. Male children were more affected in both severe and moderate nutritional
problems compared to female children. The finding showed that 27 (7.9%) had severe stunting, 15 (4.4%) had severe wasting, and
11 (3.2%) had severe underweight, respectively. Conclusion. Undernutrition was high in Bure town among children below five years
of age. Male sex, maternal educational status, low household income, preterm babies, absence of antenatal follow-up, diarrhea, and
respiratory infections within one-month duration were factors affecting undernutrition.