This study estimates the equivalence scales for measuring poverty in transitional Russia using the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey data of 1994 and 2002, i.e. before and after the 1998 economic crisis. To examine the robustness and plausibility of the two estimates, we compared the estimate results in both the periods. For constructing the equivalence scales, the costs of children and additional adults are estimated. Further, in order to investigate the most plausible equivalence scales for measuring poverty, the following two methods are employed for the estimations: Engel's food share method (Engel method) and the subjective economic well-being method (SW method). The estimation results show that the equivalence scales for a child, obtained from the Engel and SW methods, could be similar; however, the results for an additional adult are very different. It reveals that poverty evaluation is highly underestimated when the SW method is used. In conclusion, although the Engel method has a theoretical flaw, it might be more plausible than the SW method in the context of poverty evaluation for transitional Russia.