The study investigated the effect of household socioeconomic factors on the choice of treatment for childhood
fever among children under age five in Ghana. Data from the 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health survey
was used employing the multinomial probit model. Three treatment choices were considered: Government
facility, Private facility and traditional/self-medication. The results suggest that the treatment of childhood
fever is related to household wealth, health insurance status and residence. Government health facilities are
mostly used by household's with higher wealth and household's with health insurance. Rural households are
more likely to use traditional/self-medication, except those with health insurance who use government
facilities. The age of the mother and birth order of the child were also found to influence the choice of
treatment facility for childhood fever.