Background: Low fruit and vegetable consumption is an important risk factor for chronic diseases, but
for many (mainly developing) countries, no prevalence data have ever been published.
This study presents data on the prevalence of low fruit and vegetable intake for 52
countries and for various sociodemographic groups and settings across these countries.
Methods: Data from 196,373 adult participants from 52 countries taking part in the World Health
Survey (2002–2003) were analyzed in the summer of 2008. Low fruit and vegetable
consumption was defined according to the WHO guidelines of a minimum of five servings
of fruits and/or vegetables daily.
Results: Low fruit and vegetable consumption prevalence ranged from 36.6% (Ghana) to 99.2%
(Pakistan) for men and from 38.0% (Ghana) to 99.3% (Pakistan) for women. Significant
differences in the likelihood of low fruit and vegetable intake between men and women
were found in 15 countries. The prevalence of low fruit and vegetable consumption tended
to increase with age and decrease with income. Although urbanicity was not associated
overall with low fruit and vegetable consumption, urban and rural differences were
significant for 11 countries.
Conclusions: Overall, 77.6% of men and 78.4% of women from the 52 mainly low- and middle-income
countries consumed less than the minimum recommended five daily servings of fruits and
vegetables. Baseline global information on low fruit and vegetable consumption obtained
in this study can help policymakers worldwide establish interventions for addressing the
global chronic disease epidemic.