This article asks whether qualitative anthropological research using rapid methods can produce results as reliable and valid as those derived from expensive sample surveys, at least under certain circumstances. The discussion focuses on nonformal sampling or informant selection techniques on which anthropologists rely. To help answer the question, the author describes two relatively low-cost, rapid, qualitative studies in applied medical anthropology in Swaziland and in the Palestinian Territories. Although random sample surveys have become the gold standard for most policy makers dealing with KAP (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) data, qualitative research can form the basis of policy or program decisions under certain conditions.