The research was conducted to analyze the gender based drop out at primary level in rural areas of Rawalpindi. The main objective of the present study was to find out the reasons of school dropout in rural areas at primary level; the reasons of gender based drop out and to compare the difference between dropout rates of boys and girls in rural areas at primary level. Ten Government Primary Schools were selected for research study. Total sample comprised of hundred participants in which fifty were drop out students (25 boys & 25 girls); twenty five parents of drop out students, and twenty five teachers of the dropout students. Three questionnaires were developed, 1) for dropout students, 2) for parents of dropout students, and 3) for teachers of drop out students. Mean scores were calculated for each item, and also for cumulative economic, home related and school related factors. The results obtained from statistical analysis revealed a number of reasons of gender based drop out in rural areas. The findings of the study revealed that girls faced more problems in enrollment and continuing their primary school education than boys. The study recommended urgent actions to reduce gender gap in primary school education. We need advocacy campaigns to change parents', teachers', and community mindset towards girls' education in rural areas of Pakistan.