The population of the developing world is becoming more urban. Are poverty and undernutrition beginning to relocate to urban areas as well? We use survey data on poverty (from eight countries) and on child undernutrition (from 14 countries) to address this question. Using data from the past 15–20 years we find that in a majority of countries the absolute number of poor and undernourished individuals living in urban areas has increased, as has the share of overall poverty and undernourishment coming from urban areas. Given these trends and the current stock of knowledge as to the levels, determinants and solutions to urban poverty and undernutrition, we argue for more research on these issues.