Introduction: The diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma has been found to be more prevalent in
low risk countries like Cameroon. The objective of this study was to determine the most frequent
histological type of gastric cancer found in Yaoundé and its association to the Helicobacter pylori
infection. Materials and Methods: The registries of histopathology laboratories of 4 reference hospitals
in Yaoundé, Cameroon have been reviewed for registered primitive gastric malignancies
from July 2009 to May 2014. Paraffin blocks mounted on slides and stained with Hematoxylyn and
Eosin of gastric cancer cases were re-stained Giemsa to search for Helicobacter pylori and they
were classified using the criteria of Lauren in intestinal type or diffuse type. Results: Forty-two
cases were reviewed: 25 (59.5%) of them were intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma, 11
(26.2%) were diffuse type, 4 (9.5%) were malignant gastric lymphoma, 1 (2.4%) was a stromal
tumor, and 1 (2.4%) was a colloid carcinoma. The most common site of location was the proximal
gastric portion (52.2%). The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 88.1%, most
common with the intestinal type (100%) and malignant lymphoma (100%) than with the diffuse
type (72.2%) (p = 0.007). Conclusion: The most common type of gastric adenocarcinoma in Cameroon
is the intestinal type and Helicobacter pylori infection is more common in the intestinal type
and malignant gastric lymphoma than in the diffuse type. The Helicobacter pylori eradication
campaigns are needed.