| Abstract | Due to the predominance of direct, specific interventions in nutrition for development, the health sector  tends to own nutrition, with interventions customarily implemented through health programs. The idea  that the agriculture sector should also be a vehicle for improved nutrition is intuitive, but this sector often  delivers neither good nutrition nor food security to the most vulnerable in the population. The complex  and multisectoral nature of malnutrition may explain why it has not been effectively addressed, even  though we know many of the solutions; intersectoral action is critical to addressing this complexity, but to  date there is no consensus on how intersectoral solutions are best implemented or institutionalized. This  review brings together experiences from across Sub-Saharan Africa in order to draw out  recommendations for improved intersectoral implementation going forward, and assesses how these  findings apply specifically to the Zambian context. The experiences reviewed suggest three broad barriers to intersectoral collaboration for nutrition:  low political commitment and mobilization; sector-bound organizational structures and weak coordinating  bodies; and lack of human resources and capacity. Key lessons for improved intersectoral implementation  include the role of advocacy in framing the problem in context and highlighting mutual gains for different  sectors, to create the political will and working space for nutrition action; the importance of  organizational arrangements, including convening or coordinating bodies with multisectoral credibility to  facilitate mobilizing and resourcing power; and the importance of building not only technical but also  strategic capacity to manage multisectoral relationships for improved nutrition outcomes. Ultimately,  these solutions will have to be tailored to country contexts. Zambia is an ideal candidate for a country that could make a significant impact on its malnutrition  problem. With the emergence of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement in the country, nutrition has  received some high-level political attention, and the multi-sectoral nature of nutrition is recognized in  overarching development policies and strategies. However, political attention has not moved into concrete  action, and nutrition strategies, policies, and plans are essentially wish lists noting best practice, confined  mainly to the health sector, created with substantial input from external actors, and without the backing of  political commitment, budgetary or human resources, or capacity; implementation of these grand ideas is  severely lacking. Several vital but attainable processes would improve intersectoral coordination for  nutrition in Zambia and enable its potentially strong policy to be implemented across sectors. These  include strategic lobbying for real political and social commitment to nutrition in sectors outside of  health; strengthening the National Food and Nutrition Commission both in terms of its power to convene  the different actors and the strategic capacity of its leadership; and improved technical training outside of  core nutrition competencies in nutrition workers in general. These recommendations are interlinked; one  cannot happen without the other, and all are necessary but not sufficient to improve the nutrition situation  in Zambia. Movement should start in all areas at once, and the high-level momentum created by the SUN  movement is an opportunity, providing the potential for cross-sectoral dialogue and increased resources, that should not be missed. |