Abstract |
With the current number of young people aged 10-24 being 64 million, addressing adolescent pregnancy and early childbearing in Indonesia is now an important challenge. Not only because it brings negative health outcomes, but it is also usually followed by poverty, gender inequality, violence, force marriage, lack of education and opportunities to achieve effective development outcomes of young women. Given the complex consequences of early childbearing, this paper aims to explore the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of early childbearers in Indonesia, in order to take effective precaution and prevention in the future. This paper uses three rounds of Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey, 2002, 2007 and 2012. Descriptive analysis was employed to compare the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of early childbearers in three rounds. Ever married female aged 15-49 was weighted and selected as the sample, and those who gave birth before 19 was defined as early childbearers. Throughout the three surveys, rural women began childrearing earlier than their urban counterparts. Most of early childbearers attained only primary level education, or no education. However, the proportion of early childbearers who attained secondary level education showed an increased as the compulsory education was better-established in the recent years. The effect of compulsory education policy can also be seen from the higher proportion of younger cohorts who attained higher education than their older counterparts. During 2002-2012, most of early childbearers in Indonesia had about 3 to 5 children, and about a third had more than five. Looking at the last cohort only, the proportion of early childbearers who had more than 5 children at the end of their reproductive periods was stable in above 40 percent. Contraceptive use among early childbearers showed a relatively similar pattern to general population where the youngest cohort remains the least user compared to older cohorts. |