This study was carried out to assess arsenic in deep groundwater resources in the Kathmandu
Valley, Nepal and to predict arsenic mobilization process in relation to iron, manganese, pH and
ORP. Forty-one deep groundwater samples were collected during pre monsoon and post monsoon
in 2013. The depths of the wells were ranged from 84 to 304 m. In pre monsoon and post monsoon,
arsenic concentration in 17% and 26% of examined groundwater wells, respectively exceeded
permissible World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value of 0.010 mg/L for drinking water.
The concentrations of arsenic were in the range between < 0.003 to 0.137 mg/L. The study demonstrated
elevated concentrations of iron and manganese in the groundwater. Arsenic is highly
correlated with iron and manganese. The strong negative correlation between arsenic and ORP
indicates that arsenic mobilization occurs under reducing condition. These distinct relationships
indicate that arsenic release is considered to be affected by the reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn
oxides in the groundwater. Arsenic has very weak negative correlation with pH suggesting less effect
of pH on arsenic mobilization. Arsenic is not significantly correlated with the season which
infers similar distribution of arsenic in both seasons. Arsenic varies spatially in groundwater of
the valley showing high concentrations in central groundwater district.