Exposure to pesticides has been growing as a major public health challenge in developing
countries. Overuse and misuse of pesticides have several acute and chronic adverse health
consequences. Government of Nepal has implemented Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
program to minimize the use of pesticides over the country, however farmers misuse and overuse
pesticides in an agriculture sector. Organophosphate insecticide is commonly used pesticide
in Nepal which inhibits the neurotransmitter acetyl cholinesterase and affects the central and
peripheral nervous system. Organophosphate and organochlorine affect the endocrine system
which can lead to diabetes mellitus. Apart from the limited information available on pesticide
exposure from small scale studies, there do not exist large scale population level studies. Also,
limited information exists on health hazards of pesticides. This study was designed to assess
pesticide exposure level and its health effects and further to assess the adaptation process of
Integrated Pest Management in Nepal.