Climate change is the greatest challenge of our time for development. Adaptation to this change
combined with the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can help to boost the economic transformation
which stimulates growth, fills the energy gap and reduces poverty. This paper focuses on
the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity generation in Madagascar which is a
lower-income country. A large accessibility to electricity could be a driving force for the economic
development of this fourth worldwide Island. The Electricity mix is currently heavily dependent
to fossil fuel imports. Indeed, most of the electric demands are fulfilled by diesel power plants.An
overview of the power situation and renewable energy potential of Madagascar is first presented,
then different scenarios for the evolution its electricity mix are proposed.