In 1997 the government of Uganda introduced the policy of Universal Primary Education – UPE whose aim
was to improve on school enrolment. Equal opportunity and access to education is a central theme in the political agenda of
government of Uganda, indeed universal access to primary education is MDG Goal II, which governments world over are
striving to achieve. Research has not established whether inequalities in access to education still exist a decade after UPE
was introduced in the country. Using data from the Uganda National Household Survey 2009/2010, this paper attempts to
examine this issue. A total of 12,424 children of ages 6-17 years are selected for study. A measure of unevenness - Theil’s
index and a multinomial logistic regression are fitted to the data, adjusted for a number of social and demographic
characteristics. The findings suggest that 81% of the children were currently attending school. Gender inequalities in school
enrolment were not supported by the regression model findings. However, substantial and significant differences were
observed for the various regions of the country, rural-urban residence, poverty status age of child, and household size.
Although not all factors affecting current enrolment among children were analyzed, the discourse in this paper suggests
need for intervention to address specific child enrolment inequalities identified.