Tanzania has been receiving significant funding from donor countries for the implementation of
programmes to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD). REDD is seen as an
opportunity to enhance conservation and livelihoods. But what is the impact of REDD on gender? This
is an area of inquiry that has not been critically looked into. This study was an attempt towards filling
this information gap. It was conducted in Kilosa District. A total of 294 households were selected
randomly for interviews. There was also consultation with focus groups and key informants. Structured
and semi-structured questionnaires were used to gather information. The data was analysed using
statistical and livelihoods models. The findings reveal a high level of dependence on the forest for
livelihoods by the communities but nevertheless they were in favour of the REDD programmes if the
programmes will enhance their livelihoods and they will be fully involved in managing the programmes.
Male respondents were more interested in knowing a period to wait before they could start benefiting
from the programmes while women were more concerned about the sustainability of the benefits they
would receive. We conclude that for the REDD programmes to be successful, gender issues must be
identified and mainstreamed.