Abstract: Despite sustained macroeconomic growth and impressive income poverty reduction in Uganda, the country's total child nutrition status remains poor. More so, wide within country disparities in stunting and underweight rates exist across the country. This study explored the determinants of child nutrition status and in Uganda using three rounds of the Uganda demographic and health surveys undertaken during 1995–2006. The surveys are nationally representative and capture anthropometric indicators for children aged below 5 years. The study investigated the determinants of health inequalities focusing on child health status through a combination of decomposition and regression analysis. Our results show that household welfare status remains a key determinant of child health status and inequalities in health. Furthermore, the results show that individual maternal education matters more in enhancing child health than does community knowledge about health.