This paper provides an informative picture of the extent of regional inequality of
economic outcomes and opportunities in the pre-and post-reform Ethiopia. We start by presenting
evidence that regional inequality in educational attainment, formal employment, and access to safe
water and sanitation facilities declined substantially between the mid-1990s and late 2000s. When
we measure regional inequality of opportunities using the intergenerational persistence of
educational attainment, we find a moderate increase in intergenerational mobility at the national
level and a declining gap across regions. Given the regional concentration of ethnic and language
groups in Ethiopia, further reducing the unequal distribution of economic outcomes and
opportunities across regions have important implications for the political stability and economic
development of the country