Many adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) interventions have improved knowledge and reduced reported sexual risk behaviours, but found no impact on HIV. We explored potential reasons for this in 23 in-depth interviews, conducted 7–9 years after exposure to ASRH intervention. We discussed participants' memories and views of the relevance of the in-school intervention, and their subsequent ability to apply what they had learned. While most participants had favourable memories of the intervention, few recalled specific details. Most reported that the intervention had been relevant, although few reported being able to apply the teachings. Men found it easier to apply lessons about condoms than women. Inability to apply the intervention teachings was often linked to cultural norms around fertility and/or gender power relations. ASRH interventions should address structural factors such as the quality of parenting and explicitly link interventions to young peoples' future aspiration.