This report provides information on Botswana on behalf of the implementation of the DECISIONS FOR
LIFE project in that country. The DECISIONS FOR LIFE project aims to raise awareness amongst young
female workers about their employment opportunities and career possibilities, family building and the
work-family balance. This report is part of the Inventories, to be made by the University of Amsterdam,
for all 14 countries involved. It focuses on a gender analysis of work and employment.
History (2.1.1). Shortly after impoverished Botswana gained independence in 1966, the discovery of rich
deposits of diamonds transformed its prospects radically. A market economy combined with state
investment in infrastructure, health and education led between 1966-2000 to an average per capita GDP
growth of nearly 7%, followed by fluctuating growth. Yet, income inequality is high and rising.
Governance (2.1.2). Botswana has been praised as a rather unique example of an enduring multi-party
democracy with a record of sound economic management. It has voluntarily abandoned foreign aid.
The representation of women in politics is remarkably weak, with after the 2009 general elections only
four women (6.5%) in parliament. Violence against women seems widespread.
Prospects (2.1.3). Botswana may be able counteract effects of the current economic and financial crisis to
some extent through its cautious financial policies and low external debt, but the worldwide slump in
the demand for diamonds may have serious consequences.
Communication (2.2). Over four of each five inhabitants are cell phone users. Internet coverage is still
low, with in 2007 about 5% of the population as users.TV and radio have considerable coverage.
The sectoral labour market structure (2.3). In 2005-06, 25% of all 257,000 employed women worked in
agriculture, against 64% in services, broadly defined. About 39% worked in the informal sector. Female
unemployment is higher than male, and stood in 2006 narrowly defined at nearly 20% and broadly
defined at 38%. We calculated that narrowly defined 31% and broadly defined 48% of girls and women
15-29 of age living in urban areas were unemployed.