This paper discusses the evolution of entrepreneurship and small-to-medium enterprises
development in Botswana. In doing so, the paper traces such developments from the
establishment of the National Development Bank in 1963, to the crafting of the economic
diversification drive strategy in 2010. To bring this discussion into perspective, the paper
adopts the environmental munificence and carrying capacity conceptual framework for
analysing entrepreneurship policies to argue that while entrepreneurship policies in
Botswana were developed to counter a number of environmental challenges, the carrying
capacity of Botswana with a population of about 2 million, accounts for the high rate of
company mortality. The paper identifies a number of intervention policies, programmes, and
strategies which include creating funding opportunities for entrepreneurs; enhancing training
for entrepreneurs; research innovation and technical assistance; and creating market access.
The paper then draws the similarities and differences between entrepreneurship development
programmes in Botswana. The paper concludes by arguing that funding and general support
of entrepreneurship in Botswana does not take into account the effects of industry size,
maturity, and concentration leading to high rate of company failures. The paper therefore
recommends that specific prioritised industries should be identified for support, and assessed
taking into consideration their carrying capacities as a way of enhancing competition for
government support.