Given the recent increase in the prevalence of cohabiting unions in Botswana, this paper
speculates on the role this type of union plays in contemporary Botswana family system. The
analysis is based on the combination of qualitative and quantitative data from the 2001
Cohabitation Survey and the 1996 Botswana Family Health Survey respectively. The overall
results reveal that cohabitation differs from marriage in terms of socio-legal status and the
reproductive behaviour of women in cohabiting unions. The paper further presents evidence that,
of the three common interpretations of cohabitation - an alternative to marriage, a temporary phase
before marriage and an alternative to being single - cohabitation in Botswana can be viewed as a
temporary phase before marriage. Against this evidence, the paper concludes that while the
increasing prevalence of cohabitation does not threaten the institution of marriage in Botswana, it
results in delays in timing of marriage.