Governance structures in Botswana are highly centralized and top-down in orientation. For water and related resources management
in rural areas, this creates particular difficulties – from lack of decision-making capacity to limited human and financial capital at the
level of the resource base. In Ngamiland, government is currently undertaking the Okavango Delta Management Plan project as part
of its commitment to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. The project purports to develop an integrated management plan based
on an ecosystems approach. Meaningful participation by local people is a requirement of the process. Data from 43 village meetings
undertaken under the auspices of the ODMP process reveal that local people’s access to their resource base is diminishing. Information
from key informant interviews and a variety of government documents, however, suggests that policy makers are either unaware of or
uninterested in this growing problem. Although citizens and government are engaged in an on-going dialogue, there is little evidence to
suggest that policy and practice are moving toward sustainable solutions for all. This article highlights these issues in the hope that a
more meaningful dialogue among all stakeholders may be undertaken.