Food security is a global priority requiring a multidisciplinary approach. In Tanzania and Zambia stunting in children under five, a major determinant of individual development, is estimated to be 42% and 45% respectively, despite years of agricultural research and development. Both countries are seeking sustainable solutions to the food security challenge that will improve human nutrition through improved household income and dietary diversification. Despite increases in agricultural production over the past two decades, malnutrition rates in children have not diminished significantly in many developing countries. Local initiatives, such as enhancing traditional livestock-crop systems, can provide a sustainable solution to the ongoing demographic challenges in Africa which are driving the need for more food, improved livelihood opportunities and reduced migration to urban centres. The aim of this project is to reduce childhood undernutrition by analysing and testing opportunities to enhance the key role that women play in improving poultry and crop integration and efficiency to strengthen household nutrition in an ecologically sustainable manner. A One Health approach is being employed by the project in support of increased poultry and crop value chain efficiency and household food and nutrition security by bringing together animal, crop and human health specialists, economists, ecologists and social scientists to work with participating communities.