With the application of both secondary and primary information, a comparison of livelihood in the context of sustainability is made between Assam and all India average of other states. The topography and unique livelihood strategy
makes Assam exclusive from other parts of India. Insurgency problem is common in these regions which need to be sorted out with a detailed perspective on people and their living condition. With composite indices on the basis of
secondary data, Assam is ranked relatively in better position as compared to other states. But in depth sample survey of rural and urban area, the gap in the definition of terms used by secondary sources has been depicted. In fact
vulnerability in livelihood is found increased as selling assets, livestock, child labour and migration to urban centres have become the common adaptive strategies which lead livelihood towards un-sustainability. Young generation is
found not at all interested in cultivation and is lending into unorganised sectors of urban area with minimum security of livelihood. In this background strategic measures are to be taken up where integration of local, state and centre is
required.