Tanzania is a developing country blessed with abundant natural resources. The economy continues to show positive growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) is on the rise. Despite the important role of Tanzania in the African economy, leadership is still understudied in the country. This chapter provides an overview of leadership in the Tanzanian context. A brief history of the country is first provided. We discuss the important role of the cultural practices, including respect for age and social status, on the leadership phenomenon, and the attributes of effective leadership in Tanzania. Finally, insiders’ and outsiders’ perspectives of leadership is provided.