OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to describe the unequal distribution in the performance of cesarean section delivery (CS) in the world and the resource-use implications of such inequity.

STUDY DESIGN:
We obtained data on the number of CSs performed in 137 countries in 2008. The consensus is that countries should achieve a 10% rate of CS; therefore, for countries that are below that rate, we calculated the cost to achieve a 10% rate. For countries with a CS rate of 15%, we calculated the savings that could be made by the achievement of a 15% rate.

RESULTS:
Fifty-four countries had CS rates of 10%, whereas 69 countries showed rates of 15%. The cost of the global saving by a reduction of CS rates to 15% was estimated to be $2.32 billion (US dollars); the cost to attain a 10% CS rate was $432 million (US dollars).

CONCLUSION:
CSs that are potentially medically unjustified appear to command a disproportionate share of global economic resources.