National Labor Force Survey 2003
Indonesia, 2003
Reference ID
IDN_2003_SAKERNAS_v01_M
Producer(s)
Subdirectorate of Manpower Statistics
Created on
Sep 05, 2014
Last modified
Mar 29, 2019
Page views
7764
Downloads
529
Identification
Survey ID Number
IDN_2003_SAKERNAS_v01_M
Title
National Labor Force Survey 2003
Translated Title
Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional 2003
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Indonesia | IDN |
Study type
Labor Force Survey [hh/lfs]
Series Information
In principle, National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) 2003 is the continuation of both quarterly and annual SAKERNAS that implemented since 2002. The purpose of annual SAKERNAS 2003 is to provide continous basis data of employment every year. Specifically to obtain information/data of population that employed, unemployed, temporarily not work, and population that ever stop/move work, as well as its development at the level of district/city, province or nationwide, and some additional informations. The provision of employment data is responsibility of The Sub-Directorate of Manpower Statistics, Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and carried out especially through SAKERNAS in all provinces of Indonesia. The other sources of employment data among others are from National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS), Population Census (SP), and Intercensal Population Survey (SUPAS). The concepts and definitions used for the labor force data are similar for all surveys and censuses since 1976, except for the unemployment rate and employment status, which have been extended since 2001.
Throughout its history, SAKERNAS has undergone a series of changes in its coverage, the frequency of enumeration, the number of households sampled and the type of information collected. SAKERNAS first held in 1976, followed in 1977 and 1978, and has been conducted regularly on annual basis since 1986. From 1986 to 1993 the survey was held quarterly, from 1994 to 2001 was drawn annually every August, and from 2002 to 2004 held annually and quarterly. The quarterly SAKERNAS is intended to monitor early indicators of employment in Indonesia, which refers to the KILM (the Key Indicators of the Labour Market) that recommended by the ILO. Starting in 2005, SAKERNAS implemented semesterly until 2010, in every February and August. Since August 2007, SAKERNAS's data presentation was designed to be representative until the district/city level in every August (and the sample size is almost quadrupled), while in February until provincial level only. Starting from 2011, the survey has been taken place quarterly, which is every February, May, August, and November, where the quarterly data presentation was designed until provincial level. In the third quarter SAKERNAS (August )- apart from quarterly sample- additional sample was also provided for annual number as an estimation of data presentation up to the district/city level.
Series of data publications available are data publications of Labor Force Situation in Indonesia (Publikasi Keadaan Angkatan Kerja di Indonesia) years 1976, 1977, 1978, 1982, 1986, 1989-2012, the publication of Labour/Worker Situation in Indonesia (Publikasi Keadaan Pekerja di Indonesia) years 1982, 1986, 1989-2012. A special module was added in February 2008, asking questions about job-seeking, training, union membership, contract workers, and severance payments, aimed at providing a better understanding of the main obstacles to employment creation.
Throughout its history, SAKERNAS has undergone a series of changes in its coverage, the frequency of enumeration, the number of households sampled and the type of information collected. SAKERNAS first held in 1976, followed in 1977 and 1978, and has been conducted regularly on annual basis since 1986. From 1986 to 1993 the survey was held quarterly, from 1994 to 2001 was drawn annually every August, and from 2002 to 2004 held annually and quarterly. The quarterly SAKERNAS is intended to monitor early indicators of employment in Indonesia, which refers to the KILM (the Key Indicators of the Labour Market) that recommended by the ILO. Starting in 2005, SAKERNAS implemented semesterly until 2010, in every February and August. Since August 2007, SAKERNAS's data presentation was designed to be representative until the district/city level in every August (and the sample size is almost quadrupled), while in February until provincial level only. Starting from 2011, the survey has been taken place quarterly, which is every February, May, August, and November, where the quarterly data presentation was designed until provincial level. In the third quarter SAKERNAS (August )- apart from quarterly sample- additional sample was also provided for annual number as an estimation of data presentation up to the district/city level.
Series of data publications available are data publications of Labor Force Situation in Indonesia (Publikasi Keadaan Angkatan Kerja di Indonesia) years 1976, 1977, 1978, 1982, 1986, 1989-2012, the publication of Labour/Worker Situation in Indonesia (Publikasi Keadaan Pekerja di Indonesia) years 1982, 1986, 1989-2012. A special module was added in February 2008, asking questions about job-seeking, training, union membership, contract workers, and severance payments, aimed at providing a better understanding of the main obstacles to employment creation.
Abstract
National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) is a survey that is designed to observe the general situation of workforce and also to understand whether there is a change of workforce structure between the enumeration period. Since the survey was initiated in 1976, it has undergone a series of changes affecting its coverage, the frequency of enumeration, the number of households sampled and the type of information collected. It is the largest and most representative source of employment data in Indonesia. For each selected household, the general information about the circumstances of each household member that includes the name, relationship to head of household, sex, and age were collected. Household members aged 10 years and over will be prompted to give the information about their marital status, education and employment.
SAKERNAS is aimed to gather informations that meet three objectives: 1.Employment by education, working hours, industrial classification and employment status, 2.Unemployment and underemployment by different characteristics and efforts on looking for work, 3.Working age population not in the labor force (e.g. attending schools, doing housekeeping and others).
The data for annual SAKERNAS was gathered in August 2003 covered all provinces in Indonesia with 67.072 households, scattered both in rural and urban areas and representative until provincial level. The main household data is taken from core questionnaire of SAK2003-AK.
SAKERNAS is aimed to gather informations that meet three objectives: 1.Employment by education, working hours, industrial classification and employment status, 2.Unemployment and underemployment by different characteristics and efforts on looking for work, 3.Working age population not in the labor force (e.g. attending schools, doing housekeeping and others).
The data for annual SAKERNAS was gathered in August 2003 covered all provinces in Indonesia with 67.072 households, scattered both in rural and urban areas and representative until provincial level. The main household data is taken from core questionnaire of SAK2003-AK.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data
Unit of Analysis
Individual
Version
Version Description
v01: basic raw data obtained from BPS
Version Date
2003-12
Scope
Notes
The main information collected in the National Labor Force Survey is data on individual household members aged 10 years and over, however tabulated data covers household members aged 15 years and older (working-age). Household individual data consists of:
1. Member identification: name, relationship to the head of household, sex, age, marital status and educational attainment.
2. Activities in the past one week: working (at least an hour for a week), temporarily not working, looking for work/establishing a new business/firm, attending school, doing housekeeping, and others (retired, disabled, etc.)
2. For those who were working and temporarily not working but having jobs (such as on leave): they were asked for their main job total working days, total number of working hours, industry, occupation, employment status, and total wage/salary in month.
3. For those who were looking for work or establishing a new business/firm: they were asked the main reason for looking for work/establishing a new business/firm, type of effort to find a job or to establish a new business/firm, duration of job seeking or establishing a new business/firm, and type of job (for full or part-time).
1. Member identification: name, relationship to the head of household, sex, age, marital status and educational attainment.
2. Activities in the past one week: working (at least an hour for a week), temporarily not working, looking for work/establishing a new business/firm, attending school, doing housekeeping, and others (retired, disabled, etc.)
2. For those who were working and temporarily not working but having jobs (such as on leave): they were asked for their main job total working days, total number of working hours, industry, occupation, employment status, and total wage/salary in month.
3. For those who were looking for work or establishing a new business/firm: they were asked the main reason for looking for work/establishing a new business/firm, type of effort to find a job or to establish a new business/firm, duration of job seeking or establishing a new business/firm, and type of job (for full or part-time).
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Labor Markets | World Bank |
| Education | World Bank |
| Primary Education | World Bank |
| Secondary Education | World Bank |
| Tertiary Education | World Bank |
| Vocational Education | World Bank |
| Transport | World Bank |
| Doing Business / Business Regulation | World Bank |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Labor Force |
| Job Sector |
| Business Sector |
| Unemployment |
| Underemployment |
| Lay off |
| Educational Attainment |
| Urban / Rural |
| Gender |
| Work Hours |
| Salary / Wage / Income |
| Employment Status |
| Main Job |
| Industry |
| Occupation |
| Transportation |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National coverage*, including urban and rural area, representative until provincial level.
*) Although covering all of Indonesia, there are some circumstances when not all provincial were covered. For example, in 2000, the Province of Maluku excluded in SAKERNAS because horizontal conflicts occurred there. Also, the separation of East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 also changed the scope of SAKERNAS for the years to come. After that, due to the expansion of regional autonomy as a consequence, the proportion of samples per Province is also changed, as in 2006 when the number of provinces are already 33. However, the difference is only on the number of influential scope/level but not to the pattern. On the other hand, changes in the methodology (including sample size) over time is likely to affect the outcome, for example in years 2000 and 2001, when sample size is only 32.384 and 34.176 households, the level of data presentation is only representative to island level, (insufficient sample size even to make it representative to provincial level).
*) Although covering all of Indonesia, there are some circumstances when not all provincial were covered. For example, in 2000, the Province of Maluku excluded in SAKERNAS because horizontal conflicts occurred there. Also, the separation of East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 also changed the scope of SAKERNAS for the years to come. After that, due to the expansion of regional autonomy as a consequence, the proportion of samples per Province is also changed, as in 2006 when the number of provinces are already 33. However, the difference is only on the number of influential scope/level but not to the pattern. On the other hand, changes in the methodology (including sample size) over time is likely to affect the outcome, for example in years 2000 and 2001, when sample size is only 32.384 and 34.176 households, the level of data presentation is only representative to island level, (insufficient sample size even to make it representative to provincial level).
Universe
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), aged 10 years and over that resident in the household. However, Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Subdirectorate of Manpower Statistics | BPS (Statistics Indonesia) |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Government of Indonesia | GovIDN | Funding the study |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Annual SAKERNAS 2003 was implemented in the whole territory of the Republic of Indonesia with a total sample of about 67.072 households, both in rural and urban areas and representative until provincial level. Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.
The sampling method* for annual SAKERNAS 2003 is two-stages cluster sampling design with census block as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and households as the ultimate sampling unit. PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size. A number of households were taken randomly from selected PSUs. However, there is documentation explained about how the sample size was determined at the domain level, or stratification measures that were implemented and also, the sample size allocation across strata, and also detail information about sample frame**.
The sampling for the urban areas and rural areas is done separately, and by following this procedure:
1. In the first stage, from the sample frame of census block, selected some census block number with probability proportional to size (pps) to the number of household size.
2. At the second stage, from each selected census blocks selected some households in linear systematic household sampling.The first stage sample selection is done by the BPS, while the second level is done by the supervisor/examiner of SAKERNAS.
*) Sampling method used is varied in different years. For example, in SAKERNAS period of 1986-1989 sampling method used is the method of rotation, where most of the households selected at one period was re-elected in the following period. This often happens on quarterly SAKERNAS on that period. At other periods often use multi-stages sampling method (two or three stages depend on whether sub block census included or not), or a combination of multi stages sampling also with rotation method (e.g. SAKERNAS 2006).
**) Commonly, annual SAKERNAS sample frame comes from the last population census result undertaken before SAKERNAS. For example, for annual SAKERNAS 2003 used sample frame derived from "listing process" of household results of Population Census 2000. Also can refer to sampling frame of some periodic household based census like Economic Census, e.g. block census sample frame of SAKERNAS 2007 formed using Economic Census 2006 result. In the other hand sample frame used for quarterly SAKERNAS is from the list of households obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) Core activities held before Sakernas. For example, for quarterly SAKERNAS 2002/2003 activities, which used sample frame derived from the household of the selected districts of SUSENAS 2002.
The sampling method* for annual SAKERNAS 2003 is two-stages cluster sampling design with census block as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and households as the ultimate sampling unit. PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size. A number of households were taken randomly from selected PSUs. However, there is documentation explained about how the sample size was determined at the domain level, or stratification measures that were implemented and also, the sample size allocation across strata, and also detail information about sample frame**.
The sampling for the urban areas and rural areas is done separately, and by following this procedure:
1. In the first stage, from the sample frame of census block, selected some census block number with probability proportional to size (pps) to the number of household size.
2. At the second stage, from each selected census blocks selected some households in linear systematic household sampling.The first stage sample selection is done by the BPS, while the second level is done by the supervisor/examiner of SAKERNAS.
*) Sampling method used is varied in different years. For example, in SAKERNAS period of 1986-1989 sampling method used is the method of rotation, where most of the households selected at one period was re-elected in the following period. This often happens on quarterly SAKERNAS on that period. At other periods often use multi-stages sampling method (two or three stages depend on whether sub block census included or not), or a combination of multi stages sampling also with rotation method (e.g. SAKERNAS 2006).
**) Commonly, annual SAKERNAS sample frame comes from the last population census result undertaken before SAKERNAS. For example, for annual SAKERNAS 2003 used sample frame derived from "listing process" of household results of Population Census 2000. Also can refer to sampling frame of some periodic household based census like Economic Census, e.g. block census sample frame of SAKERNAS 2007 formed using Economic Census 2006 result. In the other hand sample frame used for quarterly SAKERNAS is from the list of households obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) Core activities held before Sakernas. For example, for quarterly SAKERNAS 2002/2003 activities, which used sample frame derived from the household of the selected districts of SUSENAS 2002.
Weighting
To compare the smallest unit sample of SAKERNAS with actual population a weight variable is included in the data file.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2003-08 | 2003-08 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face
Data Collection Notes
Since SAKERNAS regularly held in 1986, training for enumeration teams frequently conducted. In addition, also created a job descriptions and role relationship between the field officers in clear instruction making it easy in execution. The other supporting thing is officers (enumerator) involved in SAKERNAS, mainly from employees of the BPS in sub-district area (called Mantis) and employees of BPS at district/city level. Most of them generally have had experience in a variety of surveys and censuses as well as have more control of the field area. Different with activities of Population Census, as well as SUSENAS, SUPAS that most of the enumerators is not the employee of BPS, but aid / freelance worker called BPS Statistic Partners (Mitra Statistik).
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Statistics Indonesia | BPS | Government of Indonesia |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
In SAKERNAS, the questionnaire has been designed in a simple and concise way. It is expected that respondents will understand the aim of question of survey and avoid the memory lapse and uninterested respondents during data collection. Furthermore, the design of SAKERNAS's questionnaire remains stable in order to maintain data comparison.
A household questionnaire was administered in each selected household, which collected general information of household members that includes name, relationship with head of the household, sex and age. Household members aged 10 years and over were then asked about their marital status, education and occupation.
A household questionnaire was administered in each selected household, which collected general information of household members that includes name, relationship with head of the household, sex and age. Household members aged 10 years and over were then asked about their marital status, education and occupation.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Stages of data processing in Sakernas are through process of:
- Batching
- Editing
- Coding
- Data Entry
- Validation
- Tabulation
- Batching
- Editing
- Coding
- Data Entry
- Validation
- Tabulation
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Sampling error results are presented at the end of the publication of The State of Labor Force in Indonesia and in publication of The State of Workers in Indonesia.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Directorate of Statistical Dissemination | BPS - Statistics Indonesia | bpshq@bps.go.id | Link |
Confidentiality
This SAKERNAS metadata cataloging is contribution of The World Bank - Indonesia, with credits to The Subdirectorate of Manpower Statistics of BPS and other parties from BPS for the technical guidances, and also credits to The Australian National University (ANU), The Australian Data Archive (ADA), The Rand Corporation and other parties for the references.
All data usage is under the terms and conditions issued by Directorate of Statistical Dissemination of Statistics Indonesia (BPS).
Access conditions
Data is owned by BPS (Statistics Indonesia). Please contact BPS for more information about data request.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Subdirectorate of Manpower Statistics, Statistics Indonesia (BPS). National Labor Force Survey 2003 (SAKERNAS 2003) Ref. IDN_2003_SAKERNAS_v01_M. Data downloaded from http://microdatalib.worldbank.org on 20th December 2012.
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Subdirectorate of Manpower Statistics, Statistics Indonesia (BPS). National Labor Force Survey 2003 (SAKERNAS 2003) Ref. IDN_2003_SAKERNAS_v01_M. Data downloaded from http://microdatalib.worldbank.org on 20th December 2012.
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Directorate of Statistical Dissemination | BPS - Statistics Indonesia | bpshq@bps.go.id | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency, and any organizations or people cited in this documentation, bear no responsibility for use of the data and the documentation or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_IDN_2003_SAKERNAS_v02_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| World Bank Indonesia, Poverty Team | EACIFPOV | Metadata producer |
Date of Metadata Production
2013-02-11
DDI Document version
Version 1 (February 11, 2013): Initial version of DDI Documentation.
Version 2 (Februari 14, 2014): Revision of DDI Documentation.
Version 2 (Februari 14, 2014): Revision of DDI Documentation.