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National Micronutrient Survey 2011

Kenya, 2011
Reference ID
KEN_2011_NMS_v01_M
Producer(s)
Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Division of Nutrition, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (MOPHS), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)
Metadata
DDI/XML JSON
Created on
Jan 18, 2017
Last modified
Mar 29, 2019
Page views
37592
Downloads
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  • Study Description
  • Data Dictionary
  • Downloads
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  • Related Publications
  • Identification
  • Version
  • Scope
  • Coverage
  • Producers and sponsors
  • Sampling
  • Survey instrument
  • Data collection
  • Data processing
  • Access policy
  • Data Access
  • Disclaimer and copyrights
  • Contacts
  • Metadata production
  • Identification

    Survey ID number

    KEN_2011_NMS_v01_M

    Title

    National Micronutrient Survey 2011

    Subtitle

    First Round

    Country
    Name Country code
    Kenya KEN
    Study type

    Other Household Health Survey [hh/hea]

    Abstract

    The Kenya National Micronutrients Survey (NMS) 2011 was the first NMS to be carried by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. The purpose of this survey is to ensure the quality of HIV testing and the interpretation of results, both in the laboratory and in the community. Fort HIV testing, it is extremely important that "the correct results go to the right client". The identity of clients and the labelling of test devices should therefore be preserved properly.

    Kind of Data

    Sample survey data [ssd]

    Unit of Analysis
    • Households
    • Individuals

    Version

    Version Description

    Version 1.0 (May 2014)

    Version Date

    2013

    Version Notes

    Version 1.0 (The information available is that there has been no other Micronutrient survey done.)
    This survey was carried out in 2011 but the report was written in 2013.

    Scope

    Notes

    The scope of the National Micronutrient Survey includes:
    Hosehold: Identification, Interviewer Visits, Socio demographic characteristics, Socio-economic characteristics, Food fortification, Wheat flour fortification, Salt fortification, Sugar fortification, Oils/fats fortification, Interviewer's observations.
    Women: Identification, Interviewer Visits, Micronutrient Supplementation and Pica Questions, WRA Health questions.
    School age children: Identification, Interviewer Visits, Micronutrient Supplementation and Pica Questions, Child Health questions, Dietary Diversity Score Questions, Infant Feeding Practice Questions children 6-35 months, Interviewer Observations.
    Preschool children: Identification, Interviewer Visits, Micronutrient Supplementation and Pica Questions, Child Health questions, Interviewer Observations.
    Men: Identification, Interviewer Visits, Health questions, Interviewer Observations.

    Topics
    Topic
    Anaemia
    Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia
    Vitamin A deficiency
    Folate deficiency in pregnant and non-pregnant women
    Nutrition and dietary practices and patterns

    Coverage

    Geographic Coverage

    National

    Universe

    The survey covered household members (usual residents), womens questinnaire( aged 15-49 years) resident in the household, children( aged 0-6-49months), School age children (aged 5-14 years) resident in the household and Men questionnire (aged 15-54 year).

    Producers and sponsors

    Primary investigators
    Name Affiliation
    Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) Ministry of Devolution and Planning (MODP)
    Division of Nutrition, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (MOPHS) Ministry of Health
    Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Ministry of Health
    Producers
    Name Affiliation Role
    Division of Nutrition, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation Minstry of Health Technical Advice
    Kenya Medical Research Institute Ministry of Health Technical Advice
    Funding Agency/Sponsor
    Name Role
    United Nations Children's Fund Funding
    Micronutrient Initiative Funding
    World Health Organization Funding
    Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition Funding
    World Food Programme Funding

    Sampling

    Sampling Procedure

    Sample size estimation
    The sample size required for each stratum was based on the estimated prevalence for each nutritional indicator, the desired precision for each indicator, an assumed design effect of 2.0, and a non-response of 10% (including refusals) at the household level and 10% at the individual levels for children 6-59 months of age and non-pregnant women. An additional non-response rate of 10% (for a total 30% non-response rate) was assumed for the men and SAC 5-14 years old.

    Sampling design
    In 2010, Kenya ratified a new constitution which established 47 county governments. This change has highlighted the need for national surveys to collect information beyond the provincial level, and move towards collection of county-level estimates. However, obtaining county-level estimates with adequate precision were not considered feasible in KNMS due to limitations in sample size and resources. Therefore KNMS consisted of the three domains as defined earlier. The sampling frame for the 2010 KMNS was based on the National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme (NASSEP IV) master sampling frame maintained by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS). Administratively, Kenya is divided into 8 provinces. In turn, each province is The Kenya National Micronutrient Survey 2011 subdivided into districts, each district into divisions, each division into locations and each location into sub-locations. In addition to these administrative units, during the last 1999 population census, each sub-location was subdivided into census Enumeration Areas (EAs) i.e. small geographic units with clearly defined boundaries. As defined in the 1999 census, Kenya has eight provinces, 69 districts, and approximately 62,000 EAs. The list of EAs is grouped by administrative units and includes information on the number of households and population. This information was used in 2002 to design a master sample with about 1,800 selected EAs. The cartographic material for each EA in the master sample was updated in the field. The resulting master sampling frame was NASSEP IV which is still currently used by KNBS. The NASSEP IV master frame is a two-stage stratified cluster sample format. The first stage is a selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), which are the EAs using probability proportional to measure of size (PPMOS) method. The second stage involves the selection of households for various surveys. EAs are selected with a basis of one Measure of Size (MOS) defined as the ultimate cluster with an average of 100 households and constitute one (or more) EAs. Although consideration was given to development of a new master frame for KNMS, time and other resource constraints dictated that the sample frame of this survey was NASSEP IV. The KNMS sample was selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design consisting of 296 clusters, 123 in the urban and 173 in the rural areas. From each cluster a total of 10 households were selected using systematic simple random sampling. For the KNMS survey, an urban area was defined as "an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it and has a population of 2,000 people and above". Using this definition, urban areas included Cities, Municipalities, Town Councils, Urban Councils and all District Headquarters. A rural area was defined as an isolated large area of an open country in reference to open fields with peoples whose main economic activity was farming. Every attempt was made to conduct interviews in the 10 selected households, and one additional visit was made to ascertain this compliance in cases of absence of household members to minimize potential bias. Non responding households were not replaced.

    Weighting

    Weights were computed for household questionnaire and other indicators which included anemia, iron deficiency, thalassaemia, sickle cell, malaria and HIV. The computed weights were a product of design weights (sampling weights) and post-stratification weights (non-response and residence - rural/urban). The weights were then normalized for the weights to sum to the achieved sample total. This is the variable used for weigths-Normalized household weight.

    Survey instrument

    Questionnaires

    The survey covers household members questionnaire (usual residents), women questinnaire ( aged 15-49 years), preschool children questionnarie( aged 6-59 months), school age children questionnaire (aged 5-14 years) and men questionnire (aged 15-54 year).
    The hosehold member questionnaire includes: Identification, Interviewer Visits, Socio demographic characteristics, Socio-economic characteristics, Food fortification, Wheat flour fortification, Salt fortification, Sugar fortification, Oils/fats fortification, Interviewer's observations.
    The women questionnarie includes: Identification, Interviewer Visits, Micronutrient Supplementation and Pica Questions, WRA Health questions.
    The school age children questionnaire includes: Identification, Interviewer Visits, Micronutrient Supplementation and Pica Questions, Child Health questions, Dietary Diversity Score Questions, Infant Feeding Practice Questions children 6-35 months, Interviewer Observations, The preschool children questionnarie includes: Identification, Interviewer Visits, Micronutrient Supplementation and Pica Questions, Child Health questions, Interviewer Observations.
    The men questionnarie includes: Identification, Interviewer Visits, Health questions, Interviewer Observations.

    Data collection

    Dates of Data Collection
    Start End Cycle
    2011 2011 21days
    Data Collectors
    Name Affiliation
    Kenya National Bureau of Statistics mINISTRY OF dEVOLUTION AND pLANNING
    Supervision

    The training identified seventeen research assistants, 14 were selected for the survey, while the other three were trained on data entry under the supervision of a data manager specifically trained for the 24 hour recall. All interviewers /trainees selected were fluent in English in addition to their local languages. Three-week training provided the interviewers with both in-house and field experiences using various training methods including, lectures, group activities, role plays, use of visual aids, cases studies and field activities. The first week training included the supervisory staff from the KNMS whose role in the National survey included overseeing 24-hr recall data collection. Experts from the Micronutrient Initiative and KEMRI conducted the training following a standard training manual. The finalized version of the questionnaire was prepared based on the feedback from the field application during the training period. The questionnaire was also translated into Swahili language. The training standardized measurement of food using standard measuring cylinders and beakers. A food album was also developed and pretested by the trainers. During the training, training manuals, food albums, questionnaires and measuring equipment (measuring cylinders and beakers,) spoons cups, plates, bowls, rice and water were used.

    Data Collection Notes

    A careful sampling strategy was followed considering the degree of precision assumed and the day-to-day variation in nutrient intake by the respondents to ensure the representativeness of the samples at the population level. The data collection was to ensure equal representation of consumption during all days of the week. The line of questioning for the 24 hr. recall was open-ended rather than rigidly structured. A set procedure rather than a rigid routine was used in this part of the interview. The open-ended questionnaires demanded a continuous flow of questions and answers which become self-generating. Each successive round of questions served to sharpen the focus on one aspect of the food eaten: how often it was eaten, how it was prepared, how much was eaten. Primary assessment of household characteristics was determined upon cluster household mapping as detailed for the overall survey. Two households were selected for the recall with increased priority to the first four households, conditional upon the availability of children between ages 6-59 months. This was to increase the probability of correlating with complete sets of data collected from the households using all modules. Data was collected from a mother-child pair from each household upon availability of a child between ages 6 to 59 months. In some instances it was not possible to pair up mother/caretaker if the caretakers were aged above 49 years. The youngest was selected if more than one child was found. The two recall-households, therefore, were selected only from the households among the 10 KNMS samples that essentially had children between ages 6-59 months and a woman of reproductive age.

    The training did include sessions on data collection skills include: establishing a pattern of questioning; stimulating memory; fixing the time frame; how to focus on the details required; using probing techniques and avoiding biased probing; Avoid quick assumptions and conclusions; Handling delicate situations during the interview and Maintain confidentiality. In order to both understand the relationships in micronutrient deficiencies the 24 hour recall component was felt necessary as an additional dietary recall component.

    Data processing

    Data Editing

    The field questionnaires baring household characteristics, individual population characteristics, and anthropometrics measurements were double entered into a computer database designed using MS-Access application. Regular file back-up was done using flash disks and external hard disk to avoid any loss or tampering. Data comparison was done using Epi-info version 7.0. Data cleaning and validation was performed to achieve clean datasets. The datasets were exported into a Statistical Package format (IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 20.0). The laboratory results were entered in excel format and later exported into a Statistical Package format (IBM® SPSS®Statistics version 20.0). Data merging exercise was systematically conducted using the four datasets i.e. household characteristics, individual population characteristics, anthropometrics measurements, and laboratory results. Each of the five populations namely; Pre-school children (PSC), School aged children (SAC), Pregnant women (PW), Non-pregnant women (NPW), and Men were separately merged. Data merging was conducted as follows: STEP1: The 'laboratory results' file was first merged to the 'anthropometrics' file using 'LABLE NUMBER' as the unique identifier. STEP2: The merged 'laboratory + anthropometrics' file was merged to individual population characteristics file using a merging variable constructed by concatenating 'CLUSTER NUMBER + HOUSEHOLD NUMBER + LINE NUMBER' as the unique identifier. STEP3: The merged 'laboratory + anthropometrics + individual population characteristics' file was merged to the 'household characteristics' file using a merging variable constructed by concatenating 'CLUSTER NUMBER + HOUSEHOLD NUMBER + LINE NUMBER' as the unique identifier. Five master-files were backed-up for safe keeping and a copy was shared with the statisticians for analysis. All the questionnaires and laboratory forms were filed and stored in lockable drawers for confidentiality.

    The validated data was exported to SPSS Version 20 for analysis.

    Access policy

    Location of Data Collection

    Kenya NADA

    Archive where study is originally stored

    Kenya NADA
    http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/72
    Cost: None

    Data Access

    Access authority
    Name Affiliation URL Email
    Director General Kenya National Bureau of Statistics www.knbs.or.ke directorgeneral@knbs.or.ke
    Confidentiality
    Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? Confidentiality declaration text
    yes Users of KNBS data shall utilize it in a manner consistent with KNBS Requirements for security and confidentiality, as well as the provisions of the Statistical Act, 2006.
    Access conditions

    User obligation shall include the following:
    Any individual or entity may submit a request for data as collected and archived in the KNBS database. Other than for published data, researchers shall disclose the nature and objective of their intended use.

    Any data access preference for organizations that do facilitate specific KNBS data collection by contributing funds, agents, and/or equipment shall be clearly defined and documented. Such arrangements shall receive prior approval by the Director General.

    Users of KNBS data shall utilize it in a manner consistent with KNBS requirements for security and confidentiality, as well as the provisions of the Statistical Act, 2006.

    Users shall comply with all requirements as provided by KNBS from time to time.

    Citation requirements

    Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:

    • the Identification of the Primary Investigator
    • the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
    • the survey reference number
    • the source and date of download.

    Example,

    Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Division of Nutrition, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation. Kenya National Micronutrient Survey (NMS) 2011, Ref. KEN_2011_NMS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].

    Disclaimer and copyrights

    Disclaimer

    In no event shall KNBS become liable to users of its data, or any other party, for any loss or damages, consequential or otherwise, including but not limited to time, money, or goodwill, arising from the use, operation or modification of the data. In using these data, users further agree to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless KNBS for any and all liability of any nature arising out of or resulting from the lack of accuracy or correctness of the data, or the use of the data.

    Copyright

    © 2013 Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email URL
    Director General Kenya National Bureau of Statistics directorgeneral@knbs.or.ke www.knbs.or.ke

    Metadata production

    DDI Document ID

    DDI_KEN_2011_NMS_v01_M

    Producers
    Name Affiliation Role
    Kenya National Bureao of Statistics Ministry of Planning and Devolution Documentation of the Study
    Date of Metadata Production

    2014-05-16

    Metadata version

    DDI Document version

    Version 01 (May 2014)
    Version 02 (August 2016). Edited version based on Version 01 DDI (DDI-KEN-KNBS-KNMS-2011-v1.0) that was done by Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.

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