Do women in the labor market enjoy the same returns to their human capital investments as men do? Is the different treatment of women in the labor market a cause for the lower educational attainment so often observed among women in the Third World? This paper estimates wage and nonfarm self-employment earnings functions, corrected for selectivity bias based on a choice model of three regions and four employment modes. In Côte d'Ivoire, rates of return to education are high for both men and women, but men's wages exceed women's by a substantial margin for all but the most educated.