Afro-Indigenous health inequities are jointly estimated for Bolivia, Guatemala, Peru and Brazil. The concentration index for various health and health factor indices is decomposed according to two socio-geographic regionalizations. Ethnic health levels are systematically lower than corresponding non-ethnic levels for most Latin American regions, while within-group health differences are lower for ethnic populations. In order, factors explaining 85% of health inequity are household goods, education, followed by health service use and basic household quality. Otherwise, ethnic reality forms a complex mosaic. Pro-poor evaluated programs raising these factors would reduce ethnic disadvantage and provide an opportunity for studies including community variables