Good governance is critical to the success of Integrated and Conservation and Development projects (ICD). In 2008 and 2010 the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) invited parties to enhance implementation by conducting governance assessments and implementing capacity building programmes in protected areas. With the aim of improving the success of ICD projects, this research evaluates the governance of the Multiple Use Project (MUP), an ICD project implemented in south west Uganda, by assessing local community perceptions of governance. The study was undertaken in twelve parishes adjacent to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. Despite 20 years of implementing ICD projects in the area, there have been limited governance assessments. Using a qualitative approach and conducting interviews and focus group discussions, we found that there were several key governance elements that local communities perceived were lacking including equitable benefit sharing, involvement, effective communication and feedback processes. In addition, a number of administrative issues were identified. Despite these challenges, communities recognized the value of protecting natural resources and demonstrated their desire to be actively involved in the management process. This thesis provides recommendations for the Uganda policy makers on improving the effectiveness of ICD projects by embedding the principles of good governance that are perceived to be lacking.