This report is part of a research project funded by the UK Department for International
Development (DFID) (2008-2010) and the Australian Government, AusAID (under the Australian
Development Research Awards 2008) (2008-2011), looking at gender and social protection
effectiveness in Latin America, Sub Saharan Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia. DFID funded
the primary research in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Mexico and Peru, as well as
secondary research in Brazil, Chile, Columbia and Pakistan (with a focus on cash and asset
transfer and public works programmes). AusAID funded research in Indonesia and Viet Nam (with
a focus on subsidies). The research was carried out by ODI in partnership with the Department of
Economics, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; the Indian Institute of Dalit Studies; SMERU
Research Institute in Indonesia; the Vietnamese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Family
and Gender Studies; the Department of Women and Gender Studies, University of Dhaka; the
International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPCIG) in Brazil; and independent consultants in
Ghana, Mexico, and Peru.