This study attempts to understand the choices made by Muslim political leaders in general, and after
independence in particular. Muslim leadership has been broadly classified into two categories based on
their respective agendas. This paper looks critically at the choices made by Muslim leaders, as well as some
state concessions that could have contributed to growing Islamic fundamentalism. It finally suggests some
measures to the current problems of (North and East) Muslims: socio-economic concessions and local
power-sharing.