By reason of its necessity, habitat is a fundamental index in the description of the standard of living in a
society. This habitat has at the center of its design and function water for consumption and sanitation.
The procurement of these two essential elements for life is still a problem in Africa, particularly in
Sub- Saharan Africa. Every scheme relevant to the raising of the standard of living of the populations
must be based on habitat; the lack of mastery of its typology gravely hinders economic growth. The
characterization of human habitat equally avoids waste and additional costs which could be generated
by wrong forecasting of the elements which characterize habitat. We propose a model of
characterization of human habitat in a country in Sub-Saharan country, which takes into account
access to potable water and sanitation. To do this, a household survey and data analysis must be
carried out and the results would permit the implementation of this model whose flowchart will
characterize the habitat in number and different housing qualities. An application was done to
Cameroon by relying on the data obtained from the third general population and habitat census in
2008 and the results obtained give seven types of habitat with many levels of housing quality.