World Bank Enterprise Survey 2019-2023
Portugal, 2018 - 2024
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PRT_2019-2023_WBES_v01_M
World Bank Enterprise Survey 2019-2023
WBES 2019-2023
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Portugal | PRT |
Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
As part of its strategic goal of building a climate for investment, job creation, and sustainable growth, the World Bank has promoted improving business environments as a key strategy for development, which has led to a systematic effort in collecting enterprise data across countries. The Enterprise Surveys are an ongoing World Bank project in collecting both objective data based on firms' experiences and enterprises' perception of the environment in which they operate.
An Enterprise Survey is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-2006, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit. The Enterprise Surveys are conducted across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large companies. The surveys are administered to a representative sample of firms in the non-agricultural formal private economy. Data are used to create indicators that benchmark the quality of the business and investment climate across countries.
The World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. The surveys cover a broad range of topics related to the business environment including access to finance, corruption, infrastructure, competition, and performance.
Sample survey data [ssd]
The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.
Scope
The 2019 and 2023 Portugal World Bank Enterprise Survey (panel) covered the following topics:
- General information of a firm/ establishment
- Infrastructure and services
- Sales and supplies
- Commercial disputes (2023 only)
- Management practices
- Degree of competition
- Innovation
- Capacity
- Time use of top manager (2019 only)
- Land and permits
- Crime (2019 only)
- Green economy
- Finance
- Business-Government relations
- Labor
- Business environment
- Performance
Coverage
National coverage
The universe of inference includes all formal (i.e., registered) private sector businesses (with at least 1% private ownership) and with at least five employees. In terms of sectoral criteria, all manufacturing businesses (ISIC Rev 4. codes 10-33) are eligible; for services businesses, those corresponding to the ISIC Rev 4 codes 41-43, 45-47, 49-53, 55-56, 58, 61-62, 69-75, 79, and 95 are included in the Enterprise Surveys. Cooperatives and collectives are excluded from the Enterprise Surveys.
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| World Bank Group (WBG) |
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| World Bank Group | WBG |
Sampling
The WBES use stratified random sampling, where the population of establishments is first separated into non-overlapping groups, called strata, and then respondents are selected through simple random sampling from each stratum. The detailed methodology is provided in the Sampling Note (https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Sampling_Note-Consolidated-2-16-22.pdf). Stratified random sampling has several advantages over simple random sampling. In particular, it:
- produces unbiased estimates of the whole population or universe of inference, as well as at the levels of stratification
- ensures representativeness by including observations in all of those categories
- produces more precise estimates for a given sample size or budget allocation, and
- may reduce implementation costs by splitting the population into convenient subdivisions.
The WBES typically use three levels of stratification: industry classification, establishment size, and subnational region (used in combination).
Survey instrument
The standard WBES questionnaire covers several topics regarding the business environment and business performance. These topics include general firm characteristics, infrastructure, sales and supplies, management practices, competition, innovation, capacity, land and permits, finance, business-government relations, exposure to bribery, labor, and performance. Information about the general structure of the questionnaire is available in the Enterprise Surveys Manual and Guide (https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Enterprise-Surveys-Manual-and-Guide.pdf).
The Enterprise Surveys panel datasets have the following common format:
• Variable panel allows easy identification of panel observations
• Variable panelid is the same across the waves for the same firm
• Variable eligibility<year> reports eligibility status of all firms interviewed in the previous wave as of the <year> of the latest wave
- e.g. in 2019-2023 panel, eligibility2023 reports status as of 2023 of all firms interviewed in 2023
• Variable status<year> reports the status of eligible firms as to whether they have been selected in the sample to be interviewed or the interview was a refusal.
• Wherever possible variables are matched across waves. If needed, matches are made by converting variable names in older waves to variable names in the most recent wave
• Due to methodological changes and evolution of the survey instrument it is not possible to match all variables in the datasets
• Variables that are not matched across waves are named as <year><variable>, with the year in which the variable was collected (e.g. _2023_date)
• It is recommended that users thoroughly familiarize themselves with the questionnaires from each of the years contained in the dataset before proceeding with analysis
• Weights are representative of the universe for the year that the firm was interviewed. They are not panel weights.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-11 | 2020-01 | ES 2019 |
| 2023-04 | 2024-02 | ES 2023 |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
Detailed information on the WBES methodology and data collection is provided in the Enterprise Surveys Manual and Guide (https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Enterprise-Surveys-Manual-and-Guide.pdf).
- The interviews for the Portugal 2019 WBES were conducted between November 2018 and January 2020.
- The interviews for the Portugal 2023 WBES were conducted between April 2023 and February 2024.
Data Access
The World Bank Group. Portugal - World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) 2019-2023, Ref. PRT_2019-2023_WBES_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/en/data on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Enterprise Analysis Unit | World Bank Group | enterprisesurveys@worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_PRT_2019-2023_WBES_v01_M_WB
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank | Documentation of the study |
2025-01-22
Metadata version
Version 01 (January 2025)