Does Gender Tagging Public Works Increase Women’s Participation? Experimental Evidence from Haiti, Kenya, and Rwanda 2020-2024
Baseline and Midline Surveys
Haiti, Rwanda, Kenya, 2020 - 2024
Get MicrodataIdentification
WLD_2020-2024_GTPWIE_v01_M
Does Gender Tagging Public Works Increase Women’s Participation? Experimental Evidence from Haiti, Kenya, and Rwanda 2020-2024
Baseline and Midline Surveys
GTPWIE 2020-24
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Haiti | HTI |
| Rwanda | RWA |
| Kenya | KEN |
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
Public works programs often fail to induce participation by women in dual-headed households, with potential implications for closing gender gaps in autonomy. We randomize "Gender Tagging", labeling programs as "for women", in cash-for-work programs that target poor households in three countries (Haiti, Kenya, and Rwanda). Gender Tagging increases women's participation by 11-to-27 percentage points (29-190%) in contexts where women have low labor market attachment. We apply recent econometric methods to test effect heterogeneity across households, to show that Gender Tagging generates catch up: women least likely to participate under the status quo program experience the largest increase in participation from Gender Tagging.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Households
Version
2025-03-01
Coverage
75 villages in Kenya, 78 villages in Rwanda, and 78 villages in Haiti
Sample of households who participated in the World Food Programme's Cash-for-Work intervention in Rwanda, Kenya, and Haiti.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Tanay Balantrapu | World Bank |
| Paul Christian | World Bank |
| Lelys Dinarte-Diaz | World Bank |
| Felipe Dunsch | World Food Programme |
| Jonas Heirman | World Food Programme |
| Dahyeon Jeong | World Bank |
| Erin Kelley | University of Chicago |
| Florence Kondylis | World Bank |
| Gregory Lane | University of Chicago |
| John Loeser | World Bank |
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| World Bank Group | WBG |
Sampling
The impact evaluation used a cluster randomized control trial (RCT) design to assess the effects of being invited to participate in the programme. For details, consult the trial information in the following AEA registry link: https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/5933. In each country, the selection of households to participate in the surveys was as follows:
Haiti: Randomization occurred at the locality level. Within each selected locality, up to 30 households were randomly chosen, depending on the locality's size to be surveyed as part of the IE.
Rwanda: Randomization occurred at the community level. In each community, WFP worked with local community leaders and government officials to identify approximately 15 of the most vulnerable households within each community.
Kenya: Randomization occurred at the community level. In each community, WFP worked with local community leaders and government officials to identify approximately 20 of the most vulnerable households within each community.
Survey instrument
The indicators included in these datasets were constructed from deidentified data and are defined in the attached data dictionary. All baseline variables were standardized to have mean 0 and standard deviation 1 in the "Standard" treatment arm.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-12-19 | 2020-12-30 | Baseline - Rwanda |
| 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-19 | Baseline - Kenya |
| 2023-04-25 | 2023-05-30 | Baseline - Haiti |
| 2021-03-25 | 2022-06-06 | Midline - Rwanda |
| 2023-02-26 | 2023-03-15 | Midline - Kenya |
| 2023-12-09 | 2024-01-04 | Midline - Haiti |
- Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI_WLD_2020-2024_GTPWIE_v01_M_WB
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank Group | Documentation of the survey |
2025-05-13
Metadata version
Version 01 (May 2025)