Water and Sanitation Impact Evaluation 2015-2019
Baseline and Endline Survey
Kenya, 2015 - 2019
Get MicrodataIdentification
KEN_2015-2019_WASHIE_v01_M
Water and Sanitation Impact Evaluation 2015-2019
Baseline and Endline Survey
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Kenya | KEN |
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
There are 3 rounds for this survey: Baseline Tenant and Property Owner survey (September 2015 - March 2017), Property Owner Listing (August - September 2018), and Endline property owner survey and tenant survey (August - October 2019).
We estimate the impacts of two interventions implemented as field experiments in informal settlements by Nairobi’s water and sanitation utility to improve revenue collection efficiency and last mile connection loan repayment: (i) face-to-face engagement between utility staff and customers to encourage payment and (ii) contract enforcement for service disconnection due to nonpayment in the form of transparent and credible disconnection notices. While we find no effect of the engagement, we find large effects of enforcement on payment. We also find no effect on access to water, perceptions of utility fairness or quality of service delivery, on the relationships between tenants and property owners, or on tenant mental well-being nine months after the intervention. To counterbalance the increase in payments, property owners increased rental income by renting out additional space. Taken together these results suggest that transparent contract enforcement was effective at improving revenue collection efficiency without incurring large social or political costs.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Multi-dwelling compound
- Landlord
- Tenant
Version
"Deidentified datasets for public distribution.
Replication files for ""Coville, Aidan, Sebastian Galiani, Paul Gertler, and Susumu Yoshida. Financing Municipal Water and Sanitation Services in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements. Review of Economics and Statistics. Forthcoming.” can be found in the GitHub repository: https://github.com/worldbank/nairobi-sanitation."
Scope
The scope of the survey includes:
- Property owners: household and dwelling characteristics including rent, income sources, relationships and engagement between owners and tenants, self-reported willingness to pay measures, water sources, sanitation facilities, use, and practices, and socioeconomic characteristics.
- Tenants: number of tenants, length of tenure, lease agreements, service payment methods, rental charges, existing compound infrastructure, income, engagement with other tenants and landlord and demographic details of the household.
Coverage
Informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Aidan Coville | World Bank |
| Sebastian Galiani | University of Maryland |
| Paul Gertler | University of California, Berkeley |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Susumu Yoshida | Green Climate Fund |
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Strategic Impact Evaluation Fund | SIEF |
| Impact Evaluation to Development Impact | I2I |
| J-PAL Urban Services Initiative | USI |
| International Growth Center | IGC |
| Name |
|---|
| Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company staff including Nahashon Muguna, Jackson Munuve, Kagiri Gicheha, Jason Mwangi, Beldina Owade, Christine Machio, Paul Mwarania, Ephantus Mugo, Martin Nangole, Lucy Njambi, Daisy Nyaboke and Owen Wanjala |
| Christine Ochieng, Paul Mbanga, Wendy Ayres, Rajesh Advani, Jessica Lopez and Clifford Mwaura |
| Kenya Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) team provided professional field support throughout the program, with particular thanks to Frank Odhiambo, Bonnyface Mwangi, Geoffrey Onyambu, John Paul Buleti, Allison Stone and Alice Kirungu |
| Amy Dolinger, Marco Valenza and Duncan Webb. DIME Analytics provided technical support throughout the analysis with Luiza Andrade conducting code reproducibility checks |
Sampling
Landlord listing: From the utility database of all informal settlement property owners, 595 accounts were first removed from the sample to act as a pure control comparison. The remaining property owners were first called to confirm contact details and receive the base intervention. Eligibility criteria into the study included: (i) property owners were able to be contacted and their contact details could be updated; (ii) their payment accounts were in arrears and (iii) property owners did not hold multiple accounts (multiple-property owners). All eligible property owners then received the basic information intervention and contact details were updated.
Follow up property owner survey: All property owners that were included as treatment or control for the contract enforcement intervention were to be surveyed.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2015-09-01 | 2017-03-31 | Baseline |
| 2018-08-01 | 2018-09-30 | Property owner listing survey |
| 2019-08-01 | 2019-10-30 | Endline survey |
- Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
| Name |
|---|
| Innovations for Poverty Action |
Metadata production
DDI_KEN_2015-2019_WASHIE_v01_M_WB
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Economics Data Group | DECDG | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
2023-12-11
Metadata version
Version 01 (December 2023)