National Censuses 2017: 12th Population Census, 7th Housing Census, 3rd Indigenous Communities Census, and 1st Farmer Communities Census - IPUMS Subset
Peru, 2017
Get Microdata
Reference ID
PER_2017_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS
Producer(s)
National Institute of Statistics and Computing, IPUMS
Created on
Sep 03, 2025
Last modified
Sep 03, 2025
Page views
1426
- Data files
- PER2017_PHC-H-H.dat
- PER2017_PHC-P-H.dat
Language or mother tongue first learned to speak as a child (PE2017A_MTONGUE)
Data file: PER2017_PHC-P-H.dat
Overview
Type:
Discrete
Decimal:
0
Start:
263
End:
264
Width:
2
Range:
-
Format:
Numeric
Questions and instructions
Literal question
<span class="h1">Section V. Characteristics of the population</span></p>
<p><span class="em">11. Which language or mother tongue did you first learn to speak when you were a child?</span><div class="i1">(Read each alternative and fill in only one oval)<br /><br />[] 1 <span class="lang">Quechua</span><br />[] 2 <span class="lang">Aimara</span><br />[] 3 <span class="lang">Ashaninka</span><br />[] 4 <span class="lang">Awajún / Aguaruna</span><br />[] 5 <span class="lang">Shipibo ? Konibo</span><br />[] 6 <span class="lang">Shawi / Chayahuita</span><br />[] 7 <span class="lang">Matsigenka / Machigueng</span><br />[] 8 <span class="lang">Achuar</span><br />[] 9 Other native or indigenous language<br />[] 10 Spanish<br />[] 11 Portuguese<br />[] 12 Other foreign language<br />[] 13 Peruvian sign language<br />[] 14 Cannot speak / hear</div>
<p><span class="em">11. Which language or mother tongue did you first learn to speak when you were a child?</span><div class="i1">(Read each alternative and fill in only one oval)<br /><br />[] 1 <span class="lang">Quechua</span><br />[] 2 <span class="lang">Aimara</span><br />[] 3 <span class="lang">Ashaninka</span><br />[] 4 <span class="lang">Awajún / Aguaruna</span><br />[] 5 <span class="lang">Shipibo ? Konibo</span><br />[] 6 <span class="lang">Shawi / Chayahuita</span><br />[] 7 <span class="lang">Matsigenka / Machigueng</span><br />[] 8 <span class="lang">Achuar</span><br />[] 9 Other native or indigenous language<br />[] 10 Spanish<br />[] 11 Portuguese<br />[] 12 Other foreign language<br />[] 13 Peruvian sign language<br />[] 14 Cannot speak / hear</div>
Categories
| Value | Category |
|---|---|
| 01 | Quechua |
| 02 | Aimara |
| 03 | Ashaninka |
| 04 | Awajun or Aguaruna |
| 05 | Shipibo - Konibo |
| 06 | Shawi or Chayahuita |
| 07 | Matsigenka or Machigueng |
| 08 | Achuar |
| 09 | Other native or Indigenous language |
| 10 | Spanish |
| 11 | Portuguese |
| 12 | Other foreign language |
| 13 | Peruvian sign language |
| 14 | Cannot speak or hear |
| 15 | Wampis |
| 16 | Kichwa |
| 17 | Nomatsigenga |
| 18 | Tikuna |
| 19 | Urarina |
| 20 | Yine |
| 21 | Yanesha |
| 22 | Kandozi-Chapra |
| 23 | Kakataibo |
| 24 | Matses |
| 25 | Kukama Kukamiria |
| 26 | Yagua |
| 27 | Secoya |
| 28 | Harakbut |
| 29 | Yaminahua |
| 30 | Jaqaru |
| 31 | Murui-Muinani |
| 33 | Amahuaca |
| 40 | Sharanahua |
| 43 | Cashinahua |
| 97 | Other |
| 98 | Does not know |
| 99 | NIU (not in universe) |
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.
Interviewer instructions
<span class="em">For people of 3 years of age and older</span>
<br />[Questions 11 to 15 are asked of persons age 3 or older]</p>
<p><span class="h3">Question 11: Which language or mother tongue did you first learn to speak when you were a child?</span></p>
<p>Read the question and each of the alternatives clearly and slowly, wait for the respondent's answer and fill in only one oval. You should not assume an answer based on the language he/she currently speaks.</p>
<p>If the respondent answers that he/she learned to speak another native or indigenous language, fill in the oval of option 9 and write down the answer in the boxes (see annexes, page 99).</p>
<p>If the respondent cannot hear or speak but can communicate through sign language, fill in the oval in option 13, "Peruvian sign language".</p>
<p>The option 14, "cannot speak/hear" should not be read. Fill in this option, only when the respondent did not learn to speak a language.</p>
<p><span class="em">Language or tongue</span>: It refers to that language or tongue a person first learn to speak in their early years, regardless of whether they still speak it today. It is also known as a first language.
<br />
<br /><span class="em">Native or indigenous language</span>: These are all the languages prior to the spread of Spanish and that are preserved and used within the national territory. Mentioning the native language will be also understood as "native or indigenous language".</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<div class="i1">1) Lucas was born in the highlands of Peru and, like his parents, he learned to speak Quechua; however, he came to Lima many years ago and learned Spanish, which he currently speaks. Thus, he will answer the question by indicating that he learned to speak Quechua; then, fill in option 1, "Quechua".<br /><br />2) Liliana speaks two languages, Kukama Kukamiria to communicate with her family and friends, and Spanish when she goes to the health center. When asked this question, she answered Kukama Kukamiria, because she learned to speak with that language. Then, fill in the oval in option 9, "Other native or indigenous language", and in the "specify" box, write Kukama Kukamiria.<br /><br />3) Ernesto speaks only Jaqaru and lives in a rural community in Yauyos. When asked this question, he replied Jaqaru. So, fill in the oval of option 9, "Other native or indigenous language", and write the answer in the "specify" box.<br /><br />4) Jesús, who lives in the department of San Martín, speaks Spanish but learned to speak Quechua as a child. He indicates that his language is different from the Quechua of Cusco or Huánuco. While it is true that Quechua has many varieties, you must fill in the oval in option 1, "Quechua".<br /><br />5) When Rosa is asked about her mother tongue, she answers Asheninka (different from Ashaninka). As this option does not appear in the list of 47 indigenous languages, you must fill in the oval of option 9 "other native or indigenous language" and write her answer in the "specify" box.<br /><br />6) Yolanda answers that her mother tongue is "Achual", as this is another name for the Achuar language (see annexes, page 99); you must fill in the oval of option 8, "Achuar".</div>
<br />[Questions 11 to 15 are asked of persons age 3 or older]</p>
<p><span class="h3">Question 11: Which language or mother tongue did you first learn to speak when you were a child?</span></p>
<p>Read the question and each of the alternatives clearly and slowly, wait for the respondent's answer and fill in only one oval. You should not assume an answer based on the language he/she currently speaks.</p>
<p>If the respondent answers that he/she learned to speak another native or indigenous language, fill in the oval of option 9 and write down the answer in the boxes (see annexes, page 99).</p>
<p>If the respondent cannot hear or speak but can communicate through sign language, fill in the oval in option 13, "Peruvian sign language".</p>
<p>The option 14, "cannot speak/hear" should not be read. Fill in this option, only when the respondent did not learn to speak a language.</p>
<p><span class="em">Language or tongue</span>: It refers to that language or tongue a person first learn to speak in their early years, regardless of whether they still speak it today. It is also known as a first language.
<br />
<br /><span class="em">Native or indigenous language</span>: These are all the languages prior to the spread of Spanish and that are preserved and used within the national territory. Mentioning the native language will be also understood as "native or indigenous language".</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<div class="i1">1) Lucas was born in the highlands of Peru and, like his parents, he learned to speak Quechua; however, he came to Lima many years ago and learned Spanish, which he currently speaks. Thus, he will answer the question by indicating that he learned to speak Quechua; then, fill in option 1, "Quechua".<br /><br />2) Liliana speaks two languages, Kukama Kukamiria to communicate with her family and friends, and Spanish when she goes to the health center. When asked this question, she answered Kukama Kukamiria, because she learned to speak with that language. Then, fill in the oval in option 9, "Other native or indigenous language", and in the "specify" box, write Kukama Kukamiria.<br /><br />3) Ernesto speaks only Jaqaru and lives in a rural community in Yauyos. When asked this question, he replied Jaqaru. So, fill in the oval of option 9, "Other native or indigenous language", and write the answer in the "specify" box.<br /><br />4) Jesús, who lives in the department of San Martín, speaks Spanish but learned to speak Quechua as a child. He indicates that his language is different from the Quechua of Cusco or Huánuco. While it is true that Quechua has many varieties, you must fill in the oval in option 1, "Quechua".<br /><br />5) When Rosa is asked about her mother tongue, she answers Asheninka (different from Ashaninka). As this option does not appear in the list of 47 indigenous languages, you must fill in the oval of option 9 "other native or indigenous language" and write her answer in the "specify" box.<br /><br />6) Yolanda answers that her mother tongue is "Achual", as this is another name for the Achuar language (see annexes, page 99); you must fill in the oval of option 8, "Achuar".</div>
Description
Universe
Peru 2017: Persons age 3+ [discrepancies: none]
concept
Concept
| var_concept.title | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |