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Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators 1996-2004

Aruba, Afghanistan, Angola...and 196 more, 1996 - 2004
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Reference ID
WLD_2004_GM_v01_M
Producer(s)
Aart C. Kraay, Daniel Kaufmann and Massimo Mastruzzi
Metadata
Documentation in PDF DDI/XML JSON
Study website
Created on
Nov 15, 2011
Last modified
Jun 14, 2022
Page views
5606
Downloads
413
  • Study Description
  • Data Dictionary
  • Downloads
  • Related Publications
  • Identification
  • Scope
  • Producers and sponsors
  • Data Collection
  • Access policy
  • Disclaimer and copyrights
  • Metadata production

Identification

Survey ID Number
WLD_2004_GM_v01_M
Title
Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators 1996-2004
Country
Name Country code
Aruba ABW
Afghanistan AFG
Angola AGO
Anguilla AIA
Albania ALB
Andorra AND
Netherlands Antilles ANT
United Arab Emirates ARE
Argentina ARG
Armenia ARM
American Samoa ASM
Antigua and Barbuda ATG
Australia AUS
Austria AUT
Azerbaijan AZE
Burundi BDI
Belgium BEL
Benin BEN
Burkina Faso BFA
Bulgaria BGR
Bahrain BHR
Bahamas, The BHS
Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH
Bolivia BOL
Brazil BRA
Barbados BRB
Bhutan BTN
Botswana BWA
Central African Republic CAF
Canada CAN
Switzerland CHE
Chile CHL
China CHN
Côte d'Ivoire CIV
Cameroon CMR
Congo, Rep. COG
Cook Islands COK
Colombia COL
Comoros COM
Cabo Verde CPV
Costa Rica CRI
Cuba CUB
Cayman Islands CYM
Cyprus CYP
Czech Republic CZE
Germany DEU
Djibouti DJI
Dominica DMA
Denmark DNK
Dominican Republic DOM
Algeria DZA
Ecuador ECU
Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY
Spain ESP
Estonia EST
Ethiopia ETH
Finland FIN
Fiji FJI
France FRA
Micronesia, Fed. Sts. FSM
Gabon GAB
United Kingdom GBR
Georgia GEO
Ghana GHA
Guinea GIN
Gambia, The GMB
Guinea-Bissau GNB
Equatorial Guinea GNQ
Greece GRC
Grenada GRD
Guatemala GTM
French Guiana GUF
Guam GUM
Guyana GUY
Hong Kong SAR, China HKG
Honduras HND
Croatia HRV
Haiti HTI
Hungary HUN
Indonesia IDN
India IND
Ireland IRL
Iran, Islamic Rep. IRN
Iraq IRQ
Iceland ISL
Israel ISR
Italy ITA
Jamaica JAM
Jordan JOR
Japan JPN
Kazakhstan KAZ
Kenya KEN
Kyrgyz Republic KGZ
Cambodia KHM
Kiribati KIR
St. Kitts and Nevis KNA
Korea, Rep. KOR
Kuwait KWT
Lao PDR LAO
Lebanon LBN
Liberia LBR
Libya LBY
St. Lucia LCA
Liechtenstein LIE
Sri Lanka LKA
Lesotho LSO
Lithuania LTU
Luxembourg LUX
Latvia LVA
Macao SAR, China MAC
Morocco MAR
Monaco MCO
Moldova MDA
Madagascar MDG
Maldives MDV
Mexico MEX
Marshall Islands MHL
North Macedonia MKD
Mali MLI
Malta MLT
Myanmar MMR
Mongolia MNG
Mozambique MOZ
Mauritania MRT
Martinique MTQ
Mauritius MUS
Malawi MWI
Malaysia MYS
Namibia NAM
Niger NER
Nigeria NGA
Nicaragua NIC
Niue NIU
Netherlands NLD
Norway NOR
Nepal NPL
Nauru NRU
New Zealand NZL
Oman OMN
Pakistan PAK
Panama PAN
Peru PER
Philippines PHL
Palau PLW
Papua New Guinea PNG
Poland POL
Puerto Rico PRI
Korea, Dem. Rep. PRK
Portugal PRT
Paraguay PRY
Qatar QAT
Romania ROU
Russian Federation RUS
Rwanda RWA
Saudi Arabia SAU
Sudan SDN
Senegal SEN
Singapore SGP
Solomon Islands SLB
Sierra Leone SLE
El Salvador SLV
San Marino SMR
Somalia SOM
Sao Tome and Principe STP
Suriname SUR
Slovak Republic SVK
Slovenia SVN
Sweden SWE
Eswatini SWZ
Seychelles SYC
Syrian Arab Republic SYR
Chad TCD
Togo TGO
Thailand THA
Tajikistan TJK
Turkmenistan TKM
Tonga TON
Trinidad and Tobago TTO
Tunisia TUN
Turkiye TUR
Tuvalu TUV
Taiwan, China TWN
Tanzania TZA
Uganda UGA
Ukraine UKR
Uruguay URY
United States USA
Uzbekistan UZB
St. Vincent & Grenadines VCT
Venezuela, RB VEN
Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR
Vietnam VNM
Vanuatu VUT
West Bank and Gaza WBG
Samoa WSM
Yemen, Rep. YEM
South Africa ZAF
Zambia ZMB
Yugoslavia Fed. Rep. YUG
Study type
Macroeconomics - Indicators
Abstract
Dataset used for Aart C. Kraay et al. "Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators for 1996-2004".

The paper presents the latest update of the aggregate governance indicators, together with new analysis of several issues related to the use of these measures.

They cover 209 countries and territories for 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2004. They are based on several hundred individual variables measuring perceptions of governance, drawn from 37 separate data sources constructed by 31 different organizations.

The authors present estimates of the six dimensions of governance for each period, as well as margins of error capturing the range of likely values for each country. These margins of error are not unique to perceptions-based measures of governance, but are an important feature of all efforts to measure governance, including objective indicators. In fact, the authors provide examples of how individual objective measures provide an incomplete picture of even the quite particular dimensions of governance that they are intended to measure.

The authors also analyze in some detail changes over time in their estimates of governance; provide a framework for assessing the statistical significance of changes in governance; and suggest a simple rule of thumb for identifying statistically significant changes in country governance over time. The ability to identify significant changes in governance over time is much higher for our aggregate indicators than for any individual indicator. While they find that the quality of governance in a number of countries has changed significantly (in both directions), they also provide evidence suggesting that there are no trends, for better or worse, in global averages of governance. Finally, the authors interpret the strong observed correlation between income and governance, and argue against recent efforts to apply a discount to governance performance in low income countries.
Kind of Data
Aggregate data [agg]

Scope

Notes
The dataset includes governance indicators which measure the following six dimensions of governance:
1. Voice and Accountability;
2. Political Instability and Violence;
3. Government Effectiveness;
4. Regulatory Quality;
5. Rule of Law, and,
6. Control of Corruption.

Producers and sponsors

Primary investigators
Name Affiliation
Aart C. Kraay, Daniel Kaufmann and Massimo Mastruzzi World Bank

Data Collection

Dates of Data Collection
Start End
1996 2004
Data Collection Mode
Other [oth]

Access policy

Contacts
Name Affiliation Email URL
Development Research Group World Bank research@worldbank.org Link
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download

Example:

Aart C. Kraay et al. Governance Matters IV: Governance Indicators 1996-2004. Ref. WLD_2004_GM_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdata.worldbank.org on [date].

Disclaimer and copyrights

Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.

Metadata production

DDI Document ID
DDI_WB_WLD_2004_GM_v02_M
Date of Metadata Production
2011-11-15
DDI Document version
DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/21/21)
This version is identical to DDI_WB_WLD_2004_GM_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.

Version 01 (November 2011)
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