KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study 2004
South Africa, , 2004
Julian May, Michael R. Carter, Jorge Agüero, Ian M. Timæus
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March 29, 2019
Last modified
March 29, 2019
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Identification
Survey ID Number
ZAF_2004_KIDS_v01_M
Title
KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study 2004
Subtitle
Third Wave
Country
| Name |
|---|
| South Africa |
Study type
Living Standards Measurement Study [hh/lsms]
Series Information
The KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS) is a panel study that follows a random sample of households who lived in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in 1993. These households and those who have split off from them were interviewed again in 1998 and 2004.
Wave 1 - 1993 - (This is a subsample of respondents from the Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development Study -1993 - An LSMS study conducted by the Univeristy of Cape Town and the World Bank. The World Bank study name is the South Africa - Integrated Household Survey -1993. WB ID: ZAF_1993_IHS_v01_M).
Wave 2 - 1998
Wave 3 - 2004
Wave 1 - 1993 - (This is a subsample of respondents from the Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development Study -1993 - An LSMS study conducted by the Univeristy of Cape Town and the World Bank. The World Bank study name is the South Africa - Integrated Household Survey -1993. WB ID: ZAF_1993_IHS_v01_M).
Wave 2 - 1998
Wave 3 - 2004
Abstract
The KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS) is a panel study that follows a random sample of households who lived in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in 1993. These households and those who have split off from them were interviewed again in 1998 and 2004. This document summarizes the main features of the third wave of KIDS conducted in 2004.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
individuals, communities
Version
Version Description
-v1.1: Edited, anonymous dataset for public distribution.
Version Date
2007
Version Notes
Version 1.1 of the 2004 household roster contains 11813 records on 11311 unique individuals, including 8496 records on 8277 unique resident individuals. The roster contains 2 records for 431 people, 3 records for 34 people and 4 records for one person. Among these 466 people with multiple records, 240 are no longer a member of any household, 22 belong to one household, 202 to two households and 2 to three households.
Of the 204 members with a membership record for more than one household, all but 8 spent 15+ days of the last month in a study household: 171 live in one of the households that they belong to, and 25 are reported to reside in two different households.
The following derived variables have been added to the roster files:
1) A new age variable, age_dob, has been calculated using date of interview and date of birth, if it was available, and the 1998 age and dates of interview if the 2004 data were missing or impossible (i.e. after the 1998 wave for someone reported in 1998).
2) Total expenditure before death, tot_c_edt, was calculated for the death records.
Of the 204 members with a membership record for more than one household, all but 8 spent 15+ days of the last month in a study household: 171 live in one of the households that they belong to, and 25 are reported to reside in two different households.
The following derived variables have been added to the roster files:
1) A new age variable, age_dob, has been calculated using date of interview and date of birth, if it was available, and the 1998 age and dates of interview if the 2004 data were missing or impossible (i.e. after the 1998 wave for someone reported in 1998).
2) Total expenditure before death, tot_c_edt, was calculated for the death records.
Scope
Notes
HOUSEHOLD: Household Roster, Household Services, Food Spending and Consumption, Non-Food Spending and Assets, Remittances, Household Income from Non-Employment Sources, Economic Shocks, Agriculture, Employment, Health, Social Capital and Trust, Children, Tests of Learning and Anthropometry.
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The Province of Kwazulu-Natal
Universe
The sample covered on African and Indian Households.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Julian May | School of Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal |
| Michael R. Carter | Dept. of Ag & Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin Madison |
| Jorge Agüero | University of California, Riverside |
| Ian M. Timæus | London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| UK Department for International Development | DFID | Funder |
| U.S. Agency for International Development | USAID | Funder |
| Andrew W. Mellon Foundation | Funder | |
| National Research Foundation/Norwegian Research Council | Funder |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name |
|---|
| University of KwaZulu-Natal |
| University of Wisconsin |
| London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine |
| International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |
| South African Department of Social Development |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Due to the geographic concentration of African and Indian households, KIDS-unlike the PSLSD-limits its scope to African and Indian households. In the KwaZulu-Natal province, Africans represent 85 percent of the population and Indians represent 12 percent. Compared with their representation nationally, White and Coloured people are underrepresented in KwaZulu-Natal. Effectively, the numbers of White and Coloureds in the KwaZulu-Natal sample are too small, and too geographically concentrated in a few clusters, to permit meaningful inference. The KIDS study has thus been limited to the first two population groups.
PSLSD was a survey of households. However, households are a complicated object to define, particularly in longitudinal studies. To transform KIDS from a single-round household survey into a longitudinal household panel study required a redefinition of the sampling unit. In 1998, a decision was made to follow the core household members with the intention of capturing the major decision makers within the household.
A household member is a core person if he/she satisfied any of the following criteria:
- The self-declared head of household from the 1993 survey
- A spouse/partner of the self-declared head of household (from the 1993 survey)
- Lives in a three generation household and all of the following are true:
- Child of the self-declared household head, son/daughter-in-law of the household head, or niece/nephew of self-declared head
- At least 30 years old
- Have at least one child living in household
- Spouse/partner of person satisfying criterion.
Thus all heads of households and spouses of heads are automatically classified as core and, in some three-generation households, adult children are also included in this cateogry. In this way, we can see the 1993 survey as the baseline information for a random sample of dynasties. The efforts of the 1998 and 2004 surveyors to find the location of the 1993 core members can then be seen as a way to keep track of the 1993 dynasties.
In 2004, due to the aging of the core members and the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, the study was extended in a complementary way to track and interview the households of the children of the core or the next generation. These are sons and daughters of core members older than 18, who have established a "new" household since 1993 (labeled as "K"). By establishing a new household we mean that these children are now living away from their own parents with their own children, or with the children of their partner. Using the next generation to keep track of family "dynasties" provides a way of refreshing the panel and establishing a generational transition. In addition, due to our interest in the impact on children of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the 2004 wave followed foster children to their new households. This group is defined as children aged less than 18 years old of core and next generation household members who no longer live with their parents i.e. no longer live in core or next generation households (labeled as "N"). As described in Appendix A, different questionnaire modules were administered in the core, next generation, and foster child households.
As the goal of the 2004 wave of KIDS was to find and interview the households of the children of the core and the foster children in addition to those of the regular core members, we had three ways in which we could contact the 1993 dynasties.
In 1998, almost 84% of the 1993 dynasties were found as documented by May et al. (2000). From the 1132 dynasties interviewed in 1998, the 2004 wave found 841, yielding a response rate of 74%. Most of these dynasties were still composed of the original core members (760) however some of them were represented by the next generation of household members (K) or foster children (N).
PSLSD was a survey of households. However, households are a complicated object to define, particularly in longitudinal studies. To transform KIDS from a single-round household survey into a longitudinal household panel study required a redefinition of the sampling unit. In 1998, a decision was made to follow the core household members with the intention of capturing the major decision makers within the household.
A household member is a core person if he/she satisfied any of the following criteria:
- The self-declared head of household from the 1993 survey
- A spouse/partner of the self-declared head of household (from the 1993 survey)
- Lives in a three generation household and all of the following are true:
- Child of the self-declared household head, son/daughter-in-law of the household head, or niece/nephew of self-declared head
- At least 30 years old
- Have at least one child living in household
- Spouse/partner of person satisfying criterion.
Thus all heads of households and spouses of heads are automatically classified as core and, in some three-generation households, adult children are also included in this cateogry. In this way, we can see the 1993 survey as the baseline information for a random sample of dynasties. The efforts of the 1998 and 2004 surveyors to find the location of the 1993 core members can then be seen as a way to keep track of the 1993 dynasties.
In 2004, due to the aging of the core members and the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, the study was extended in a complementary way to track and interview the households of the children of the core or the next generation. These are sons and daughters of core members older than 18, who have established a "new" household since 1993 (labeled as "K"). By establishing a new household we mean that these children are now living away from their own parents with their own children, or with the children of their partner. Using the next generation to keep track of family "dynasties" provides a way of refreshing the panel and establishing a generational transition. In addition, due to our interest in the impact on children of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the 2004 wave followed foster children to their new households. This group is defined as children aged less than 18 years old of core and next generation household members who no longer live with their parents i.e. no longer live in core or next generation households (labeled as "N"). As described in Appendix A, different questionnaire modules were administered in the core, next generation, and foster child households.
As the goal of the 2004 wave of KIDS was to find and interview the households of the children of the core and the foster children in addition to those of the regular core members, we had three ways in which we could contact the 1993 dynasties.
In 1998, almost 84% of the 1993 dynasties were found as documented by May et al. (2000). From the 1132 dynasties interviewed in 1998, the 2004 wave found 841, yielding a response rate of 74%. Most of these dynasties were still composed of the original core members (760) however some of them were represented by the next generation of household members (K) or foster children (N).
Response Rate
In 1998, almost 84% of the 1993 dynasties were found as documented by May et al. (2000). From the 1132 dynasties interviewed in 1998, the 2004 wave found 841, yielding a response rate of 74%. Most of these dynasties were still composed of the original core members (760) however some of them were represented by the next generation of household members (K) or foster children (N).
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2004 | 2004 |
Time periods
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 2004 | 2004 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Household Questionnaire containing the following sections:
Household Roster
Household Services
Food Spending and Consumption
Non-Food Spending and Assets
Remittances
Household Income from Non-Employment Sources
Economic Shocks, Agriculture
Employment
Health
Social Capital and Trust
Children
Tests of Learning and Anthropometry
Household Roster
Household Services
Food Spending and Consumption
Non-Food Spending and Assets
Remittances
Household Income from Non-Employment Sources
Economic Shocks, Agriculture
Employment
Health
Social Capital and Trust
Children
Tests of Learning and Anthropometry
Access policy
Contacts
| Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|
| School of Development Studies School of Development Studies School of Development Studies, University of Kwazulu-Natal | http://sds.ukzn.ac.za/default.php?11,0,0,0,0 |
Confidentiality
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Users of the data must acknowledge the source of the KIDS data files in all publications, conference papers, and manuscripts with the following statement: “The KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS) was a collaborative project between researchers at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, the University of Wisconsin, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the Norwegian Institute of Urban and Regional Studies and the South African Department of Social Development. In addition to support from these institutions, the following organizations provided financial support: UK Department for International Development; the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); the Mellon Foundation; and National Research Foundation/Norwegian Research Council grant to the University of KwaZulu-Natal.”
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Users of the data must acknowledge the source of the KIDS data files in all publications, conference papers, and manuscripts with the following statement: “The KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (KIDS) was a collaborative project between researchers at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, the University of Wisconsin, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the Norwegian Institute of Urban and Regional Studies and the South African Department of Social Development. In addition to support from these institutions, the following organizations provided financial support: UK Department for International Development; the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); the Mellon Foundation; and National Research Foundation/Norwegian Research Council grant to the University of KwaZulu-Natal.”
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
All of us who have worked on this project encourage others to make use of the KIDS data. We must, however, emphasize that the attached data files are unit record or 'raw' data files. All information that would allow individuals to be identified has been deleted from the files and some edits have been undertaken to eliminate duplicate reports and records, in particular to the household roster files. However, all other information collected remains unedited in the data files. While great effort was taken to obtain high quality data, they are made available 'as is'. The accuracy or reliability of the information are not guaranteed or warranted in any way and in no event are the collaborating institutions liable for any damages resulting from use of the KIDS data. The decision not to alter the contents of the data files means that the user of these files will need to take care in analyzing the data to allow for any missing observations, meaningless codes, outliers, and violations of logical consistency.
All of us who have worked on this project encourage others to make use of the KIDS data. We must, however, emphasize that the attached data files are unit record or 'raw' data files. All information that would allow individuals to be identified has been deleted from the files and some edits have been undertaken to eliminate duplicate reports and records, in particular to the household roster files. However, all other information collected remains unedited in the data files. While great effort was taken to obtain high quality data, they are made available 'as is'. The accuracy or reliability of the information are not guaranteed or warranted in any way and in no event are the collaborating institutions liable for any damages resulting from use of the KIDS data. The decision not to alter the contents of the data files means that the user of these files will need to take care in analyzing the data to allow for any missing observations, meaningless codes, outliers, and violations of logical consistency.
Copyright
(c) 2007, University of Kwazylu-Natal
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_ZAF_2004_KIDS_v01_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Economics Data Group | DECDG | The World Bank | Ducumentation of the DDI |
Date of Metadata Production
2011-11-17
DDI Document version
Version 1.0